Proteins Flashcards
What do proteins consist of? CHONPS
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur
What gives urine & sweat its distinct odor?
nitrogen and bacteria
Most complex organic compound next to DNA?
proteins
What make up proteins?
Amino acids
What are genetic disorders caused by?
Mis-order of amino acids
Describe a protein molecule
- large glob-like structure w/ different markings & indentations that are crucial to its function
How many kinds of amino acids are there?
20
How many kinds of proteins are there?
tens of thousands- dependent on the arrangement of amino acids
What organic compound is responsible for defending against disease?
proteins
“Proteins are our _____________”
characteristics
What are enzymes known as?
“protein helpers”
All chemical reactions in the body require what?
enzymes
Why do chemical reactions require enzymes?
Known as catalysts-> speed up reactions
How to identify an enzyme and what is helps
The suffix -ase means its an enzyme, the prefix determines what its helping
Ex. sucrase is an enzyme that helps with sucrose
What happens to an enzyme after a chemical reaction?
Since it is not used up or changed, it is reused temporarily until it needs reused again
What is the lock and key model?
a model representing a substrate (the key) plugging into the enzyme (the lock)
How do the shape affect proteins, enzymes, and substrates?
The substrate perfectly fits into the enzyme which perfectly fits into the protein
Where is the active site?
Where the substrate plugs into the enzyme
What is a substrate?
What the molecule is working on (ex. sucrose)
What are chemical reactions?
A reactant going through change(s) to create the product/by-product/waste product
Example of a chemical reaction
Na + Cl = NaCl (table salt)
What does denature mean?
to take away or change natural qualities (ex. by using heat, acidity, etc)
What do all chemical reactions need?
activation energy
What produces and therefore lessens the needed activation energy?
enzymes
What effects enzymes?
- correct protein structure (correct order of amino acids)
- right temp (too much or too little heat cause expansion which then means the enzyme is the wrong size)
- pH (acids & base)
Optimum body temp of humans?
37 degrees Celsius (98.7 degrees Fahrenheit)
Proteins
- Cell Structures
- Transport substances
- Enzymes control the rate of reactions
- Hormones coordinate activity of body systems & control
speed of hormones - Contract muscles for movement
- Stores nutrients inside animal eggs and seedlings
(basically) cell communication)
