Proteins

Question 1

What do proteins consist of? CHONPS

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 2

What gives urine & sweat its distinct odor?

Answer 2

nitrogen and bacteria

Question 3

Most complex organic compound next to DNA?

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

What make up proteins?

Answer 4

Amino acids

Question 5

What are genetic disorders caused by?

Answer 5

Mis-order of amino acids

Question 6

Describe a protein molecule

Answer 6

• large glob-like structure w/ different markings & indentations that are crucial to its function

Question 7

How many kinds of amino acids are there?

Answer 7

20

Question 8

How many kinds of proteins are there?

Answer 8

tens of thousands- dependent on the arrangement of amino acids

Question 9

What organic compound is responsible for defending against disease?

Answer 9

proteins

Question 10

“Proteins are our _____________”

Answer 10

characteristics

Question 11

What are enzymes known as?

Answer 11

“protein helpers”

Question 12

All chemical reactions in the body require what?

Answer 12

enzymes

Question 13

Why do chemical reactions require enzymes?

Answer 13

Known as catalysts-> speed up reactions

Question 14

How to identify an enzyme and what is helps

Answer 14

The suffix -ase means its an enzyme, the prefix determines what its helping
Ex. sucrase is an enzyme that helps with sucrose

Question 15

What happens to an enzyme after a chemical reaction?

Answer 15

Since it is not used up or changed, it is reused temporarily until it needs reused again

Question 16

What is the lock and key model?

Answer 16

a model representing a substrate (the key) plugging into the enzyme (the lock)

Question 17

How do the shape affect proteins, enzymes, and substrates?

Answer 17

The substrate perfectly fits into the enzyme which perfectly fits into the protein

Question 18

Where is the active site?

Answer 18

Where the substrate plugs into the enzyme

Question 19

What is a substrate?

Answer 19

What the molecule is working on (ex. sucrose)

Question 20

What are chemical reactions?

Answer 20

A reactant going through change(s) to create the product/by-product/waste product

Question 21

Example of a chemical reaction

Answer 21

Na + Cl = NaCl (table salt)

Question 22

What does denature mean?

Answer 22

to take away or change natural qualities (ex. by using heat, acidity, etc)

Question 23

What do all chemical reactions need?

Answer 23

activation energy

Question 24

What produces and therefore lessens the needed activation energy?

Answer 24

enzymes

Question 25

What effects enzymes?

Answer 25

• correct protein structure (correct order of amino acids)
• right temp (too much or too little heat cause expansion which then means the enzyme is the wrong size)
• pH (acids & base)

Question 26

Optimum body temp of humans?

Answer 26

37 degrees Celsius (98.7 degrees Fahrenheit)

Question 27

Proteins

Answer 27

• Cell Structures
• Transport substances
• Enzymes control the rate of reactions
• Hormones coordinate activity of body systems & control
  speed of hormones
• Contract muscles for movement
• Stores nutrients inside animal eggs and seedlings
  (basically) cell communication)