Lipids Flashcards
What are examples of lipids?
fats, oils, and waxes
What are the only atoms in lipids?
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
How can you identify lipids by only looking at their chemical formula?
They have many more hydrogens than oxygens (like wayyyy more than twice the amount)
What produces fats?
Animals and animals only
State of matter of fats at room temp?
solid
What produces oils?
Mainly plants
State of matter of oils at room temp?
Liquid
What is canola oil made of?
Rape seed
What does canola stand for?
CANada OiL Association
What makes waxes?
plant leaves and fruits and animals’ ears and feathers
Purpose(s) of waxes
- to protect from water (and therefore mold
- babies are covered in wax when born, to protect from liquid inside uterus
- protects birds’ feathers from water
What are the two kinds of fats?
saturated and unsaturated
What does saturated mean?
filled all the way-> all carbon bonds, no double bonds, (c-c), made from animal fats (like bacon), and is very harmful
What does unsaturated mean?
not filled-> at least on set of c-c, made from plant oils, healthy for you, healthiest oil is olive oil
What is the process called when you fill unsaturated fats by adding hydrogen?
hydrogenation
What is the product of hydrogenation?
trans-fats (which is terrible for you)
5 functions of fats (CHIRP)
Cushioning (between joints)
Hormones (chemical messages in body)
Insulation (under the skin)
Reserve energy storage
Protection (around organs)
What steroid produces steroids?
cholesterol
What is used in cell membranes?
cholesteral
2 kinds of cholesteral
HDL (good) and LDL (bad)
H(ealthy)DL and L(ousy)DL
HDL fights off LDL- as you get older you produce less HDL and your LDL levels increase
Examples of steroids
sex hormones and human growth hormones
What do steroids do to your blood sugar?
they raise it`
2 parts of a lipid
- glycerol backbone
- 3 fatty acid tails
3 parts of a phospholipid
- glycerol backbone
- 2 fatty acid tails
- phosphate group
What part of the cell do phospholipids make up?
cell membrane
What’s the difference between lipids and phospholipids?
Lipids have 3 fatty acid tails and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
- phospholipids have 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group
What part of the phospholipid/lipid is polar/nonpolar?
tails- nonpolar, hydrophobic
glycerol backbone- polar, hydrophilic
What is a phospholipid bilayer?
a protective (non solid) layer held together by energy
the outside part of the membrane is the glycerol backbone, while the inside is the tails
Foods made entirely of fat/lipids
butter, lard, oils, and cream cheese
Fatty foods
cheese, butter, nuts, seeds, avocadoes, chocolate, fish, and fatty meats
