Carbohydrates

Question 1

What does -ose mean?

Answer 1

“full of”

Question 2

What does the suffix -ose indicate?

Answer 2

It’s a sugar

Question 3

How are carbohydrates divided into groups?

Answer 3

by the number of sugars

Question 4

What are the 3 carbohydrate groups?

Answer 4

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysoccharides

Question 5

What kinds of carbs are in pasta and potatoes?

Answer 5

long starch molecules (polysaccharides)

Question 6

What atoms do all carbohydrates consist of?

Answer 6

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 7

How can you identify a carb just by looking at its chemical formula?

Answer 7

It has twice as many hydrogens as oxygens

Question 8

What is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 8

The process of combining two molecules and getting a byproduct of water

Question 9

Example of dehydration synthesis

Answer 9

C6H1206 + C6H1206 = C12H22011 + H20 (glucose + fructose = sucrose + water)

Question 10

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 10

1 sugar / simple sugars

Question 11

What does the prefix mono- mean?

Answer 11

one

Question 12

What is one of the main sources of energy for consumers?

Answer 12

carbs

Question 13

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 13

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 14

What are all sugars broken down to?

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

What is blood sugar?

Answer 15

glucose

Question 16

What 3 isomers have the same chemical formula of C6H1206?

Answer 16

glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 17

What are isomers?

Answer 17

molecules with the same chemical formula that are arranged differently

Question 18

What molecules are found in milk?

Answer 18

galactose and lactose

Question 19

What monosaccharide is found in most fruits?

Answer 19

fructose

Question 20

What does the prefix dext- mean?

Answer 20

right

Question 21

What is dextrose and what does it do?

Answer 21

dextrose = glucose, rotates to the right

Question 22

What does the prefix levu- mean?

Answer 22

left

Question 23

What is levulose and what does it do?

Answer 23

levulose = fructose, rotates to the left

Question 24

What does the prefix di- mean?

Answer 24

2

Question 25

What are disaccharides?

Answer 25

2 monosaccharides / double sugar

Question 26

What is the most common disaccharide?

Answer 26

Table sugar- sucrose

Question 27

Where is sucrose found?

Answer 27

sugar cane and the roots of sugar beets

Question 28

What is another examples of a disaccharide?

Answer 28

Lactose

Question 29

What two monosaccharides are in lactose?

Answer 29

galactose and glucose

Question 30

What two monosaccharides are in sucrose?

Answer 30

glucose and fructose

Question 31

What percent of the world's population CAN digest lactose?

Answer 31

25%

Question 32

What does the prefix poly- mean?

Answer 32

many

Question 33

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 33

complex sugars/carbs, starches

Question 34

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 34

cellulose, chitin, and starch

Question 35

Purpose(s) of cellulose

Answer 35

- gives plants support/ makes up cell wall in plant cells - paper is made up of cellulose

Question 36

Purpose(s) of chitin

Answer 36

- hard-covering in insects - make up cell wall in fungi cells

Question 37

What do insects taste like?

Answer 37

p e a n u t s

Question 38

What do PLANTS store for excess energy?

Answer 38

starch

Question 39

Potatoes and grains are major sources of what?

Answer 39

Starch

Question 40

How long does it take for starch to break down into glucose?

Answer 40

a hot minute

Question 41

What do ANIMALS store for excess energy?

Answer 41

glucose

Question 42

What do animals store glucose as?

Answer 42

glycogen

Question 43

Where do animals store glycogen in their bodies?

Answer 43

liver and muscles

Question 44

What happens to glycogen and starch when it sits too long?

Answer 44

it turns into fat

Question 45

What is the most abundant organic compound on Earth and why?

Answer 45

Cellulose- plants

Question 46

What is cellulose?

Answer 46

a fiber

Question 47

Can most living things break down fiber/cellulose?

Answer 47

No- only fungi and some bacteria

Question 48

What kind of animals CAN digest cellulose/ get nutrition from fiber?

Answer 48

Herbivores- they have bacteria in stomach to digest fibers

Question 49

Food groups with carbs

Answer 49

fruit, vegetables, grains, and potatoes (yes- potatoes are apparently a separate food group)

Question 50

How do mono- & di- saccharides react in water?

Answer 50

- dissolve easily

Question 51

What are polar molecules?

Answer 51

molecules with that are positive and negative

Question 52

What is positive and what is negative?

Answer 52

Hydrogen- positive oxygen- negative

Question 53

What does the suffix -philia mean?

Answer 53

"to love or like"

Question 54

What does hydrophilic mean?

Answer 54

water loving/ attracted to water

Question 55

What does the suffix -phobia mean?

Answer 55

"to fear or hate"

Question 56

Example of hydrophobic compounds

Answer 56

lipids aka fats and steroids

Question 57

What are hydrophobic compounds?

Answer 57

Compounds that won't dissolve in water (nonpolar molecules)

Question 58

What are hydrophilic compounds?

Answer 58

compounds that will dissolve in water (polar molecules)