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Cell Bio - Lucas > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

ER

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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2
Q

CF

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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3
Q

THE

A

Theodore H E Svedberg

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4
Q

RF1

A

Release Factor 1

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5
Q

RF2

A

Release Factor 2

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6
Q

UPR

A

Unfolded Protein Response

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7
Q

CJD

A

Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

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8
Q

BSE

A

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

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9
Q

PrP

A

Prion protein

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10
Q

Opal

A

The name for the UGA stop codon

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11
Q

Free

A

Referring to free ribosomes

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12
Q

EGCg

A

epigallocatechin-gallate

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13
Q

KDEL

A

KDEL C terminus signal

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14
Q

beta

A

B- pleated sheet

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15
Q

mer

A

more than 20 polypeptides interacting w one another

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16
Q

CASP

A

Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction

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17
Q

SUMO

A

Small ubiquitin-like modifier. Very small proteins.

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18
Q

Lyse

A

to disrupt a protein sample

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19
Q

GFAP

A

glial fibrillary acidic protein

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20
Q

NCBI

A

national centre for biotechnology information

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21
Q

Amber

A

name for the stop codon UAG

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22
Q

Mummy

A

think of tetracycline. Mummification allows bones to be conserved. People from this time drank a lot of beer, which contained tetracycline, and therefore there was staining in their bones.

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23
Q

alpha

A

A-helix

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24
Q

dimer

A

two identical polypeptides interacting w one another

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25
Q

Edman

A

Pehr Edman (edman degredation)

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26
Q

Nylon

A

the common material for the membrane that sandwiches the gel in immunoblotting

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27
Q

Histo

A

Latin word for tissue

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28
Q

ELISA

A

enzyme linked immunosorbent array

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29
Q

BLAST

A

basic local alignment search tool

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30
Q

Prion

A

Protein infection

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31
Q

A helix

A

a common type of secondary folding. Looks like a coil

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32
Q

Sanger

A

Frederick Sanger

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33
Q

Ladder

A

a standard mix of proteins of known size / mass that allows unknown protein size to be determined

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34
Q

Immuno

A

Medicine

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35
Q

Kinesin

A

The running protein’ Moves vesicles to the cell membrane. A motor protein

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36
Q

Peptide

A

linkage between carboxyl group of one AA and amine group of another AA

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37
Q

Natural

A

Another word for Proteinogenic AA

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38
Q

Unusual

A

Referring to AA. Expansion of the genetic code (selenocysteine + pyrrolysine)

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39
Q

complex

A

interactions between multiple polypeptides in quaternary structure

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40
Q

Anfisen

A

Christian Anfisen. Theorised that AA sequence should fully determine tertiary structure

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41
Q

Cistern

A

A fold in the Golgi

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42
Q

Sulston

A

John Sulston. Won Nobel prize in 2002 for research on apoptosis

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43
Q

Primary antibodies

A

Bind directly to the antigen (protein) in the sample.

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44
Q

Scrapie

A

PrP disease in sheep

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45
Q

Hormones

A

chemical molecules that act like messaging molecules in the body, usually through the blood

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46
Q

Catechin

A

helps protect cells from damage from free radicals

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47
Q

Topology

A

the structure of protein.

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48
Q

N end rule

A

the identity of the N terminal amino acid determines the longevity of the polypeptide

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49
Q

cleavage

A

post-translational modification of proteins (insulin is cleaved twice)

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50
Q

Southern

A

Edwin Southern. the person the Southern blot was named after

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51
Q

Reporter Antibodies

A

antibodies that attach to primary antibodies (usually) that have some sort of fluorescent property or become involved in chemical reactions that make the location of the protein visible.

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52
Q

Cytokines

A

Small proteins that are crucial in controlling the growth and activity of other immune system cells and blood cells

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53
Q

Amino Acid

A

central carbon w a carboxyl group + amine group + variable R group

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54
Q

Analogous

A

comparable in certain aspects

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55
Q

Truncated

A

Shortened in duration or extent

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56
Q

Apoptosis

A

The process of the cell killing itself. The process of programmed cell death

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57
Q

C terminus

A

carboxyl end of the peptide

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58
Q

N terminus

A

amine end of peptide

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59
Q

Lysosomes

A

vesicles used in digesting waste products and then excreting out of the cell

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60
Q

Aggregate

A

a whole formed by combining several. Often used to describe proteins

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61
Q

Centrifuge

A

A device used for centrifugation

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62
Q

Aureomycin

A

A type of tetracycline that can be developed from streptomyces aureofaciens

63
Q

Alpha helix

A

A-helix

64
Q

Lipophilic

A

non-polar, likes fats

65
Q

Lipophobic

A

polar, doesnt like fats

66
Q

Trans Golgi

A

where proteins are segregated into different transport packages and dispatched to their final destinations

67
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins that stick specifically to other proteins

68
Q

Infectious

A

likely to spread or influence others in a rapid matter

69
Q

Dehydration

A

formation of a bond w the product of water

70
Q

Polypeptide

A

peptide chains of 3 or more AA

71
Q

pyrrolysine

A

unusual AA in humans, part of the methane producing metabolic system

72
Q

Surface area

A

A measure of the total area the surface of an object occupies

73
Q

Lipid anchor

A

attaches to a C-terminus and allows a protein to be inserted into a membrane

74
Q

Hydrophobic

A

non-polar dont like water

75
Q

Hydrophilic

A

polar, likes water

76
Q

heterodimer

A

two different polypeptides interacting w one another

77
Q

SUMOylation

A

addition of SUMO Proteins

78
Q

methylation

A

the addition of a methyl group on the head of all new polypeptides

79
Q

Proteolysis

A

the breakdown of proteins or polypeptides into AA by enzymes

80
Q

Tunicamycin

A

a cancer drug that is derived from streptomyes. Reduces N-linked glycolysation, preventing some proteins from being transported to the Golgi for further processing

81
Q

Peptide Bonds

A

linkage between carboxyl group of one AA and amine group of another AA

82
Q

Condensation

A

formation of a bond w the product of water

83
Q

Svedberg unit

A

a unit of measure for centriguation. (in seconds) (1 S = 10^-13 seconds)

84
Q

Tetracycline

A

A class of related antibiotic compounds. An antibiotic

85
Q

Mitochondria

A

contain 30S ribosomal subunits. Powerhouse of the cell.

86
Q

Glycoprotein

A

a protein with a sugar molecule added to the N-terminus covalently

87
Q

Camillo Golgi

A

Nobel prize in 1906 for work on structure of nervous system. First observed Golgi using light microscopy in 1897

88
Q

northern blot

A

used for detection of RNA. Take advantage of base complementation (think Revelstoke, northern)

89
Q

Proteinogenic

A

22 AA that are naturally incorporated into proteins. Protein-creating

90
Q

Free ribosomes

A

describes a location of ribosome. Produce proteins to be used in the cytosol

91
Q

Membrane bound

A

Refers to membrane-bound ribosomes

92
Q

Nubian Kingdom

A

existed from about 250-550 AD and believed in mummification and drinking beer. Located in present day Sudan

93
Q

Mummification

A

think of tetracycline

94
Q

B pleated sheet

A

a common type of secondary folding. Looks like a taco holder.

95
Q

Glycolysation

A

adding a glucose molecule to a protein post-translationally

96
Q

Acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter (neuronal signalling)

97
Q

Southern Blots

A

used for detection of DNA. Take advantage of base complementation (think sunny D, Southern)

98
Q

Proteopathies

A

common protein conformation diseases

99
Q

Selenocysteine

A

an unusual AA produced in the prescense of selenium

100
Q

Centrifugation

A

a technique used for the separation of particles according to their size, shape, density, and viscosity of the medium. Used to isolate ribosomes

101
Q

Benjamin Duggar

A

discovered tetracyclines in the late 1940s from soil near cemeteries.

102
Q

Bone Apposition

A

A method of measuring bone growth utilising the fluorescent properties of tetracycline

103
Q

Release Factor 1

A

Needed for termination in translation. Binding of this to mRNA can be prevented w tetracycline.

104
Q

Release Factor 2

A

Needed for termination in translation. Binding of this to mRNA can be prevented w tetracycline.

105
Q

Efflux proteins

A

move tetracycline out of the cell to keep translation going

106
Q

Cycloheximides

A

a class of antibiotics that affect protein synthesis in eukaryotes

107
Q

Chromatography

A

a technique used for separating the solutes of a solution. Used to separate + identify AA in Edman degredation.

108
Q

Immunoblotting

A

Method of protein identification / separation that makes protein expression very clear

109
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

a plasma membrane protein that is important in the chloride transport is misfolded slightly and unable to leave the E.R. Would be perfectly functional if it could leave the ER.

110
Q

Lefthanded helix

A

shape of polysome

111
Q

Protein-folding

A

enzyme facilitated method of post-translational modification that occurs in the ER. Develops secondary + tertiary structure.

112
Q

Cis Golgi network

A

The space between the ER and the cis cisterns of the Golgi

113
Q

Sequence Methods

A

determine AA sequence of proteins

114
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Gel electrophoresis

115
Q

Electrophoresis

A

Gel electrophoresis

116
Q

Complementation

A

base pair characteristic bonding

117
Q

Frederick Sanger

A

used a technique similar to edman degredation to sequence insulin (won nobel prize in 1958 + 1980) won 2 nobel prizes

118
Q

Nonproteinogenic

A

AA that do not code for proteins

119
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Hours to days

120
Q

C terminus signals

A

signals found in the C-terminus that are useful for later protein sorting

121
Q

beta pleated sheet

A

B- pleated sheet

122
Q

Edman degredation

A

A method of protein sequencing that involves cleaving each AA individually

123
Q

Mass spectrometry

A

method of sequencing proteins using mass to charge ratio. Computationally intensive

124
Q

2D electrophoresis

A

separation of proteins based on their inherent charge

125
Q

Peroxidase luminol

A

an example of a light producing reaction

126
Q

Primary anitbodies

A

bind to specific proteins in a sample

127
Q

Stanley B. Prusiner

A

coined the term prion in 1982. Nobel prize in 1997.

128
Q

Prokarotic Subunits

A

50S + 30S = 70S

129
Q

Eukaryotic Subunits

A

60S + 40S = 80S

130
Q

Theodore H E Svedverg

A

Nobel prize in chemistry in 1926. pioneered ultracentrifugation. Swedish chemist.

131
Q

Gel Electrophoresis

A

a lab technique involving gel, separating molecules based on size and charge.

132
Q

KDEL C terminus signal

A

the most common ER retention signal which keeps the protein in the ER and prevents it from entering a secretory pathway

133
Q

Transmembrane domain

A

gateways to permit the transport of specific substances across the membrane

134
Q

Base complementation

A

the hybridization or binding that occurs between complementary base pairs

135
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

large structure involved in protein synthesis

136
Q

N linked glycolysation

A

glycolysation specific to addition to the N-terminus of polypeptide

137
Q

Phenylisothiocyanate

A

a reagent that binds to AA of amino terminal, allowing only that AA to be cut off during digestion.

138
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

method of protein identification / separation that makes presence + location clear within the sequence

139
Q

Membrane bound ribosomes

A

describes a location of ribosome (on rough ER). Produce proteins to be released to the cell membrane

140
Q

Acetylcholine receptors

A

a protein given as an example to show that many proteins don’t get as far as the cell membrane (90% of ACh receptors are degraded b4 insertion into cell membrane)

141
Q

Thermodynamic hypothesis

A

shape is thermodynamically the most stable in the intracellular environment

142
Q

Unfolded Protein Response

A

a response that occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum to deal with misfolded proteins

143
Q

Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

A

PrP disease in humans

144
Q

Sedimentation coefficient

A

characterises a particles sedimentation during centrifugation. Used to name ribosomes + subunits

145
Q

Streptomyces aureofaciens

A

a fungal-like bacteria found in dirt from graveyards. Can be developed into aureomycin

146
Q

Epigallocatechin-gallate

A

the major catechin found in green tea. Found to inhibit several bacterial efflux pumps

147
Q

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

A

a protein found only in the CNS. Used for quality control in meat, if GFAP is present - meat has been contaminated by CNS

148
Q

basic local alignment search tool

A

online database that allows searches for polypeptide / protein sequence. Computational analysis

149
Q

Post translational modifications

A

enzyme catalyzed changes after the polypeptide is produced

150
Q

Enzyme linked immunosorbent array

A

opposite of western blot. A technique used to identify the presence of a protein in a sample. Antibody is attached to a substrate in a dish already, sample is added on top

151
Q

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

A

BSE. PrP misfolding in cows

152
Q

Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction

A

CASP. worldwide experiment held every 2 years since 1994. AI has almost solved it.

153
Q

National centre for Biotechnology Information

A

same organisation as PubMed. Create and operate BLAST

Cell Bio - Lucas (5 decks)

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