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Cell Bio - Lucas > Histamine > Flashcards

Histamine Flashcards

1
Q

DC

A

decarboxylase

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2
Q

KA

A

The mesaure of affinity of the receptor for the signal ligand

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3
Q

KD

A

Equlibrium dissociation constant

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4
Q

HDC

A

histidine decarboxylase

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5
Q

ECL

A

Enterochromaffin like cells

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6
Q

PMF

A

proton motor force

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7
Q

kON

A

the rate of complex formation

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8
Q

IP3

A

inositol tri-phosphate. a secondary messenger transcribed by H1 receptor

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9
Q

DAG

A

diacylglycerol. a glyceride used to replace fats in the diet. Also a secondary messenger transcribed by the H1 receptor

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10
Q

DOA

A

diamine oxidase

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11
Q

Dale

A

Sir Henry Hallett Dale

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12
Q

kOFF

A

the rate of complex dissociation

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13
Q

EC50

A

50% efficacy. Found when potency is at kD

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14
Q

cAMP

A

cystic anedosine monophosphate

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15
Q

NNMT

A

histamine N-methyltransferase

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16
Q

Eliot

A

George Eliot

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17
Q

VMAT2

A

an anti-port that exchagnes proton for histamine

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18
Q

Mucus

A

a slimy substance that is not soluble in water that protects and lubricates internal structures

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19
Q

Edema

A

fluid accumulation (occurs when stung by a bee), occurs as a result of histamine affecting vasculature

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20
Q

rtPCR

A

technique to detect the precense of specific genetic material

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21
Q

Venom

A

poisonous substance secreted by animals

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22
Q

ATPase

A

enzyme found in granule membrane that transports protons into the cell to create a proton motor force

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23
Q

Cation

A

positively charged ion

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24
Q

Fusion

A

Final/Third step of degranulation. Membranes fuse

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25
Q

Funder

A

John W. Funder

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26
Q

Pepsin

A

an enzyme that breaks down proteins in digestion

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27
Q

Pepsin

A

an enzyme that breaks down proteins in digestion

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28
Q

Ussing

A

Hans Ussing

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29
Q

Ulcers

A

an open sore on the internal or external surface of the body

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30
Q

Agonism

A

occupation of a single receptor by an agonist leads to a response

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31
Q

Agonist

A

A molecule that induces agonism

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32
Q

Heparin

A

another molecule found in the granules of mast cells. A naturally occuring glycosaminoglycan

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33
Q

Docking

A

Second step of degranulation. VAMPS and SNAPS connect

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34
Q

Potency

A

what happens on the x-axis

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35
Q

AJ Clark

A

created the occupancy model, was at Edinburgh

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36
Q

Orphans

A

receptor molecules that have not yet been linked to their endogenous ligand

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37
Q

Serosal

A

the side/surface of the epithelium that faces the blood

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38
Q

Luminal

A

the side/surface of the epithelium that does not face the blood

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39
Q

Calcium

A

Calcium ion

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40
Q

Prusiner

A

Stanley B. Prusiner

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41
Q

Basophil

A

a type of white blood cell. The least common type of granulocyte, representing only about 0.5-1% of circulating white blood cells.

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42
Q

Antiport

A

exchange a proton for a hydrophillic cation

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43
Q

Antigens

A

any substance that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against it

44
Q

Efficacy

A

what happens on the y-axis. ability to produce a response

44
Q

saturate

A

ligand bound to receptor

44
Q

Affinity

A

ability to bind to a receptor

45
Q

Parietal

A

Acid secreting cells in the gastric mucosa

46
Q

Duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine

47
Q

Antiport

A

Exchanges histidine for biogenic amine (histamine)

48
Q

Histidine

A

the non-toxic form of histamine. Is an amino acid. Has an amine and a carboxyl group attached to a same central carbon

49
Q

Mast cells

A

ubiquitous (coming in many different forms and present in a number of tissues) cells. Have granules that contain histamine + other things.

50
Q

Mediators

A

other things held within the granule; ATP, heparin, prostaglandins.

51
Q

Serotonin

A

a chemical signalling molecule. Known to cause satisfaction, happiness, and optimism. (CNS functions). also has other functions

52
Q

Exogenous

A

originating from outside the organism / cell

53
Q

Edinburgh

A

capital of Scotland

54
Q

Doability

A

Charis word for efficacy

55
Q

Antagonism

A

occupation of a single receptor by an antagonist interferes with the response of the agonist

56
Q

Antagonist

A

A moleucle that induces antagonism

57
Q

Ubiquitous

A

coming in many different forms and present in a number of tissues

58
Q

Antibodies

A

proteins generated by our imune system in response to infectious agents. Specifically fit to antigens

59
Q

Endogenous

A

from within the organism / cell

60
Q

Stochastic

A

random. used to describe receptor ligand binding.

61
Q

Neutrophil

A

the most abundant type of white blood cell, making up 40-70% of the bodies count. Has to do w inflammation

62
Q

Epithelial

A

the thin tissue forming the outer layer of a bodies surface and lining hollow structures

63
Q

Pepsinogen

A

a substance that is converted into the enzyme ‘pepsin’ by the stomach acid

64
Q

Copenhagen

A

capital of Denmark. A hub for research in Transport physiology after the war

65
Q

Hans Ussing

A

Danish scientist best known for his design of the Ussing chamber

66
Q

Calcium ion

A

leads vesicles to the membrane and out of the cells (vesicles follow calcium) has 2 + charge.

67
Q

Flatulence

A

the accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal

68
Q

George Eliot

A

created the George Lewes Studentship in memory of her partner, Lewes, that Sir Henry Hallett Dale received

69
Q

Vasculature

A

vascular system of the body

70
Q

Equilibrium

A

the rate of formation of new signal-receptor complexes equals the rate at which existing signal receptor complexes dissociate

71
Q

Competitive

A

Competitive antagonism

72
Q

Eosinophils

A

a type of white blood cell containing granules

73
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction (potentially life threatening)

74
Q

Luekotrienes

A

cause tightening of airway muscles and the production of excess fluid and mucus

75
Q

Vasodilation

A

the dilation of veins, occurs as a result of histamine affecting venous cells

76
Q

Stickability

A

Charis word for affinity

77
Q

Pharmacology

A

the branch of medicine concerned w the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs

78
Q

Surmountable

A

Competitive antagonism

79
Q

Irreversible

A

Irreversible antagonism

80
Q

Imidazole Ring

A

contains two nitrogens

81
Q

Gastric Mucosa

A

the mucous layer in the stomach

82
Q

Translocation

A

the first step of degranulation

83
Q

Biogenic amine

A

an example is histamine

84
Q

Prostaglandins

A

gound in the granules of mast cells. Involved in dealing with injury and illness

85
Q

Insurmountable

A

Irreversible antagonism

86
Q

Diacylglycerol

A

a glyceride used to replace fats in the diet. ALso a secondary messenger transcribed by the H1 receptor

87
Q

diamine oxidase

A

enzymatic degredation of histamine in intestines, kidney, placenta (extracellular tissues)

88
Q

Alimentary canal

A

the canal of the digestive system

89
Q

glycosaminoglycan

A

widespread function including growth and repair of cells

90
Q

Dose response curve

A

the graphic relationship between efficacy and potency

91
Q

Pathophysiological

A

the study of disordered physiological processes that have cause, result from, or are otherwise related with a disease or injury

92
Q

Sir Henry Hallett Dale

A

discovered the biological effects of histamine. Won nobel prize in 1936 for medicine + physiology. Received a studentship from the victorian novelist George Eliot

93
Q

inositol triphosphate

A

a secondary messenger transcribed by H1 receptor

94
Q

Histamine intolerance

A

intolerance of histamine digested with food

95
Q

Competitive antagonism

A

shift in potency, antagonists compete for binding sites

96
Q

Histidine Decarboxylase

A

removes the carboxyl group from histidine (decarboxylase). This produces an amine (histamine) and CO2.

97
Q

Irreversible Antagonism

A

shift in efficacy, antagonists permanently bind to receptors (shift in maximum)

98
Q

G protein coupled receptor

A

ligand binding to a G protein-coupled receptor opens an ion channel or alters enzyme activity

99
Q

Enterochromaffin-like cells

A

communicate in a paracrine fashion. Play a major role in stimulating gastric secretion. Found in gastric mucosa

100
Q

Ligand gated receptor channel

A

Ligand binding opens or closes the channel

101
Q

cystic adenosine monophosphate

A

a nucleotide

102
Q

histamine N-methyltransferase

A

degredation of histamine intracellularly

103
Q

Equilibrium dissociation constant

A

the concentration of ligand that, at equilibrium, is needed to saturate half of the receptors.

104
Q

VAMP

A

A protein involved in degranulation.

105
Q

SNAP

A

A protein involved in degranulation.

Cell Bio - Lucas (5 decks)

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