Cell Signalling Flashcards
LM
Light Microscopy
TEM
Transmission Electron Micrograph
SEM
Scanning Electron Micrograph
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Petri
Example of culture disk. Used for in vitro experiments. Named after bacteriologist Julius Richard Petri.
Ligand
A molecule or atom / a signalling molecule.
Ex Vivo
isolated tissues (ex = part) (vivo = organism)
In Vivo
organisms (in = whole) (vivo = organism)
Control
ensure validity of experiment
In Vitro
isolated cells (in = whole) (vitro = cells). Are cell lines an example?
GCaMP5G
Fluorescent calcium indicator that can be genetically inserted into the brain of a Zebra fish to provide a readout of the calcium level in a zebra fish brain. Genetically inserted under the control of a promoter that is expressed in neurons.
Positive Control
Something you are confident will result in the effects
Negative Control
Something you are confident won’t result in the effects
Autocrine
A type of signalling where the cell both produces and receives the molecule.
Variables
determine what is measured and what is manipulated
Dependent Variable
what you measure
Organ Bath
A traditional experiment that is commonly used to investigate the physiology and pharmocology of ex vivo tissue preparations. A technique used for Ex vivo experiments. (find my iPhone). (Scrub a dub dub).
Cell Lines
a cell culture developed from a single cell adn therefore consisting of cells with uniform genetic makeup
Hypothesis
driver of the choice in an experiment
Functional
The technique itself measures the behaviour of a system
Microscopy
the technical field of using mciroscopes to view samples and objects that can not be seen w the naked eye
Engineered
Specifically genetically designed to allow for more control during study
Culture Disks
A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown
Radioisotopes
used as tracers using their radioactivity for detection
Culture Flasks
A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown
Light Microscopy (LM)
uses visible light to detect and magnify very small objects
Multiwell plates
A container where cell cultures (cell lines) are grown
dependent variable
what you measure
Electrophysiology
The field of research studying current or voltage charges across a cell membrane
Independent Variable
what you change
Imaging technologies
The application of materials to create images
Molecular technologies
lab techniques to study or modify DNA, RNA, or proteins
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
used to detect genetic material from a specific organism, such as a virus
Subcellular fractionation
cell organelles are disintegrated into their integral parts (organelles) and then separated using centrifugation
Scanning Electron Micrograph
Projects and scans a focused stream of electrons over a surface to create an image
Transmission Electron Micrograph
used to view thin specimens, through which electrons can pass generating a projection image
Ligand
A signalling molecule
Lupus
A chronic autoimmune disease
Autoimmune
The immune system (usually the system that fights infections) attacks healthy tissues instead.
Glaucoma
A group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging a nerve in the back of your eye called the optic nerve.
GERD
gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus.
Hypertension
High Blood Pressure
This reading would be high blood pressure.
130 / 80
This reading would be normal blood pressure
120 / 80
Cholera
an acute diarrhoeal disease caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Rheumatoid arthritis
A chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation, degradation, and deformity.
Crohn’s / Colitis
Chronic disease. A type of IBD that causes inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease
Histamine
A compound that is released by cells in response to injury and in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
Three Types of IBD
All chronic. Crohn’s disease / Colitis. Microscopic colitis. Ulcerative colitis.
Crohn’s disease
Causes pain and swelling in the digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis
Causes swelling and sores (ulcers) in the large intestine (colon and rectum).
Microscopic Colitis
Causes intestinal inflammation that’s only detectable with a microscope.
