Proteins

Question 1

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 1

deletion of 3 nucleotides that results in the loss of a phenylalanine and causes improper folding

Question 2

Can a single amino acid mutation affect folding?

Answer 2

Sometimes. Sometime it can cause improper folding and sometimes the effect is negligible

Question 3

What two amino acids are commonly found at turns in secondary structure?

Answer 3

Proline and Glycine

Question 4

How many AA’s are required for a protein to fold?

Answer 4

A minimum of 70 proteins are required, but there must also be a favorable balance/ makeup of hydrophilic and hydrophobic AA’s

Question 5

Aging mediated protein folding and disease is determined by what four factors?

Answer 5

1. Ubiquitin degradation of protein
2. Chaperone protein folding
3. Post-translational modifications (addition of methyl, phosphoryl, or deamidation)
4. Reactive Oxygen Species

Question 6

What is proteostasis?

Answer 6

Proteostasis

Question 7

Difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure?

Answer 7

Primary structure is peptide bonds that hold amino acids together

Secondary consists of alpha helices and beta sheets, held together by hydrogen bonds, VDW forces, etc

Tertiary is 2+ secondary structures put together and can utilize disulfide bonds and electrostatic forces between charged AA’s (myoglobin)

Quaternary is 2+ tertiary structures put together with the same bonding agents. (ex: Hb)

Question 8

Where does folding/ packaging of secondary and tertiary structures take place?

Answer 8

Cytoplasm