Membranes, transport

Question 1

Major constituent of cell membranes

Answer 1

phospholipids

Question 2

Types of phospholipids (2)

Answer 2

glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

Question 3

Maintains membrane fluidity at a variety of temperatures, shorter chains are more fluid

Answer 3

cholesterol

Question 4

Cerebrosides, globosides, gangliosides are all examples of _____

Answer 4

glycolipids

Question 5

An autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency in β-glucocerebrosidase that leads to intracellular accumulation of glucocerebroside in the brain, liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Answer 5

Gaucher’s disease

Question 6

plasma membrane lipid that is the largest storage of choline, acetylcholine is important in nerve transmission
Major constituent of lung surfactant (decreased lung surfactants cause respiratory stress syndrome)

Answer 6

Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine)

Question 7

Plasma membrane lipid that plays a role in blood coagulation

Answer 7

Cephalin (phosphatidylethanolamine)

Question 8

plasma membrane lipid that plays a role in programmed cell death, apoptosis

Answer 8

Phosphatidyl serine

Question 9

Plasma membrane lipid that plays a role in cell signaling, membrane trafficking, and hormonal pathways

Answer 9

Phosphatidylinositol

Question 10

Plasma membrane lipid involved with lung surfactant, activate ligand gated channels

Answer 10

phosphatidylglycerol

Question 11

Plasma membrane lipid that’s a major lipid of inner mitochondrial membrane. only phospholipid that possesses antigenicity. recognized by antibodies against Treponema palladium which cause syphilis

Answer 11

Cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol)

Question 12

GM1 ganglioside is a receptor for ______ in intestine

Answer 12

cholera

Question 13

Where is prion protein present?

Answer 13

neuronal membranes

Question 14

What regulates the complement system on the cell surface of RBC’s?

Answer 14

Decay Accelerating Factor (DAF)

Question 15

What is a GPI in the RBC?

Answer 15

Acetylcholine esterase

Question 16

Types of Glycoproteins? (3)

Answer 16

O linked, N linked, GPI-anchored

Question 17

what glycoproteins bind to carbs with high affinity and specifity, serve a wide variety of cell-cell recognition, signaling, and adhesion processes and in intracellular targeting of newly synthesized proteins

Answer 17

Lectins

Question 18

what are plasma membrane lectins that mediate cell-cell recognition and adhesion in a wide range of cellular processes?

Answer 18

Selectins

Question 19

What are S-type lectins that depend on disulfide bonds for stability and carbohydrate binding. they mediate cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix adhesion, and transmembrane signaling

Answer 19

Galectins

Question 20

Integral vs peripheral membrane proteins

Answer 20

integral span the membrane, peripheral attach to an integral protein

Question 21

Know chart of functions of glycoproteins:
collagen
mucin
transferrin and ceruloplasmin
alkaline phosphatase, hydrolases
calnexin and calreticulin
TSH,, chorionic gonadotropin
Fibrillin
IGG's
Platelet glycoproteins
Notch
n-CAM
fibronectin
Laminin
Extracellular matrix proteins

Answer 21

know the chart

Question 22

what are the three ways ion channels can be regulated?

Answer 22

1. ligand gating
2. voltage gating
3. Mechanical gating

Question 23

What are the functional domains of ion channels?

Answer 23

Pores- hydrophilic pathway for the passage of ions with a narrow selectivity filter that distinguishes which ions pass through and which don’t
gates- passage through the channel conducting pore is governed by a “gate”, a part of the channel which may be opened or closed
Sensors- detect electrical and chemical stimuli and couples with the channel gates to control the gate opening or closing

Question 24

Ligand-gated ion channels are important targets for drugs used to treat which kind of diseases?

Answer 24

Alzheimer’s, anxiety, autism, depression, epilepsy, schizophrenia

Question 25

What disease activates the production of cAMP, which in turn keeps Cl- ion channesl open, leading to increased flow of chloride iions in the gut. This causes a solute imbalance and water flows out of the cell which results in diarrhea

Answer 25

Cholera

Question 26

Which disease is a result of a deficient ABCA1 transporter, which is involved in the transport of cholesterol out of the cells

Answer 26

Tangier Disease (enlarged lipid-laden tonsils and low serum HDL)

Question 27

Which disease is a result of a deficient ABCG5 and ABCG8 transporters, which are involved in the controlled uptake of plant sterols and cholesterol by the gut and mediate cholesterol efflux from liver to bile

Answer 27

Sitosterolemia (phytosterolemia)
unrestricted absorption of plant sterols and cholesterol leads to increased levels in plasma. Develop tuberous xanthomas, accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary artery diseases.

Question 28

Which disease is a result of a deficient ABCB111 transporter, which is involved in the bile salt export out of hepatocytes into bile canaliculi?

Answer 28

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type-2

- symptoms start early infancy such as failure to thrive, jaundice, severe pruritis, and liver failure

Question 29

Which disease is a result of a deficient CFTR transporter, which is involved in the function of Cl- ion channels

Answer 29

Cystic Fibrosis