Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the monomers of proteins

A

Amino acids

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2
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid

A

1) a central carbon atom
2) to the right is the carboxyl group (COOH)
3) to the left is the amino group (NH2)
3) a hydrogen atom (H) off of the central C
4) R group on the other side of the C

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3
Q

How many common amino acids are there and how do they differ

A

20 and they differ in their R group

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4
Q

What do combined amino acids form

A

A dipeptide

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5
Q

Draw out a peptide bond on paper

A

Do it

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6
Q

What is polymerisation

A

When many amino acids join through condensation, it results in a polypeptide

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7
Q

Can a functional protein contain one or more polypeptides

A

Yes

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8
Q

The role of hydrogen bonds in the structure

A

Linked amino acids have NH and CO on either side of a peptide bond, the H is positive while the O is negative so hydrogen bonds are formed in the secondary structure which cause polypeptide to twist into a a helix

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9
Q

Role of ionic bonds and disulphide bridges in protein structure

A

All three bonds maintain the tertiary structure, ionic bonds are formed between any carboxyl and amino group not forming bonds (weak and easily broken by changes in pH), disulfide bridges which are strong and hydrogen (numerous but easily broken)

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10
Q

Describe the quarternary structure

A

More than 1 polypeptide chain with all the bonds (hydrogen, disulphides bridges, ionic bonds)

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11
Q

What is the biuret test for proteins

A

1) add equal volumes of sample and sodium hydroxide @ room temp
2) add drops of dilute copper sulfate and mix
3) purple means there’s peptide bonds, blue means none

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12
Q

Describe how a peptide bond is formed between two AA to form a dipeptide

A

Amino acid monomers joined in a condensation reaction to form a dipeptide. Water is made by combining an OH from carboxyl group and H from amino group and is taken out. Peptide bond formed between Carbon and Nitrogen between amino acids

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13
Q

What is the meaning of hydroxylating

A

Adding a hydroxyl group onto a molecule

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14
Q

What are the two types of molecule ribosomes are made from

A

Protein and ribosomal rna

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