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Biochemistry > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

A biological macromolecule containing 30-50 amino acids.

A

Proteins

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2
Q

What is the bond joining the amino acids in a protein?

A

Peptide bond

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3
Q

A type of protein that is insoluble in water.

A

Fibrous protein

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4
Q

A type of protein that is generally soluble in water.

A

Globular protein

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5
Q

What is the building block of protein?

A

Amino acids

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6
Q

Components of amino acid.

A
  1. Amino group
  2. Carboxyl group
  3. R group
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7
Q

What is the most important property of an R group that determines the structure and function of a protein?

A

Polarity

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8
Q

Compounds that have a positive charge on one atom and a negative charge on the other.

A

Zwitterions

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9
Q

How many protein chains make up hemoglobin?

A

4

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10
Q

What is the bond between an amine and carboxylic group?

A

Amide bond

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11
Q

What do you call the shortest chains of amino acids?

A

Peptides

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12
Q

A residue (amino acid) with the free a-COO group?

A

C-terminus

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13
Q

A residue (amino acid) with the free a-NH3 group?

A

N-terminus

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14
Q

True or False.

Polypeptide chains start with a C-terminus on the left.

A

False.

Polypeptide chains start with N-terminus on the left and the C-terminus on its right (end).

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15
Q

The properties of proteins are based on what?

A
  1. Peptide backbone

2. Side chains (R group)

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16
Q

When will a protein have a net positive charge?

A

when the pH is below (less than) its isoelectric point

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17
Q

When will a protein have a negative charge?

A

when the pH is above (greater than) its isoelectric point

18
Q

What determines the structure of a protein?

A

Its difference on the sequence of amino acids.

19
Q

A structure of a protein that describes the linear sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.

A

Primary structure

20
Q

What structure of a protein refers to the repeating patterns?

A

Secondary protein

21
Q

What structure of a protein describes its 3D conformation?

A

Tertiary structure

22
Q

It is the highest level of protein organization that applies to protein with more than one polypeptide chain.

A

Quarternary structure

23
Q

What are the two conformations under the secondary structure of proteins?

A
  1. a-helix

2. β-pleated sheet

24
Q

Protein conformation that does not exhibit a repeated pattern.

A

Random coils

25
Q

What is the most stable protein structure?

A

Tertiary structure

26
Q

What type of chemical reaction is involved in the conversion of disulfide bonds to SH bonds of cysteine?

A

Reduction

27
Q

What type of chemical reaction is involved in the formation of disulfide bonds from SH groups of cysteine?

A

Oxidation

28
Q

In the tertiary structure of proteins which amino acid is involved in forming covalent bonds?

A

Cysteine

29
Q

A protein that contains hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline.

A

Collagen

30
Q

Proteins that contain non-amino acid portions (prosthetic group).

A

Conjugated proteins

31
Q

What are the components of fetal hemoglobin?

A

(2) alpha

(2) gamma

32
Q

What are the components of adult hemoglobin?

A

(2) identical alpha

(2) identical beta

33
Q

True or False.

Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin.

A

True

34
Q

Triple helix unit that constitutes the soluble form of collagen.

A

Tropocollagen

35
Q

What is the process that destroys the stabilizing structures of protein by any physical and chemical agent?

A

Denaturation

36
Q

Amino acids in which are precursors of norepinephrine and epinephrine.

A

phenylalanine and tyrosine

37
Q

In the stabilization of the tertiary structure, what bonding happens between polar groups on side chains or between side chains and the peptide backbone?

A

Hydrogen bonding

38
Q

In the stabilization of the tertiary structure, what interaction happens between 2 amino acids with ionized side chains?

A

Salt bridges

39
Q

What will happen to a zwitterion if HCl (strong acid) is added to its solution?

A

It will turn into a positive ion by lowering the pH.

40
Q

What will happen to a zwitterion if NaOH (strong base) is added to its solution?

A

It will turn into a negative ion by raising the pH.

Biochemistry (5 decks)

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