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Biochemistry > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call the sum total of all biochemical reactions involved in maintaining the dynamic state of the cell?

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

What classification of metabolism includes the breakdown of molecules to produce energy?

A

Catabolism

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3
Q

What classification of metabolism includes the synthesis of molecules that consume energy?

A

Anabolism

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4
Q

Where are mitochondria synthesized?

A

Cytosol

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5
Q

Why do mitochondria identify as the powerhouse of the cell?

A

Because it is the pathway or site for directly producing energy.

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6
Q

In what membrane does the citric acid cycle take place inside the mitochondria?

A

Inner membrane

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7
Q

What are the two parts of the common catabolic pathway?

A
  1. Citric Acid Cycle

2. Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway

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8
Q

What composes the oxidative phosphorylation pathway?

A
  1. Electron transport chain

2. Phosphorylation

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9
Q

What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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10
Q

True or False.

ATP consists of 6 phosphates.

A

False.

ATP consists of 3 phosphates.

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11
Q

How much ATP equates to NADH?

A

3 moles of ATP

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12
Q

How much ATP equates to FADH?

A

2 moles of ATP

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13
Q

What is the operative part of NAD+?

A

Nicotinamide

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14
Q

What is the operative part of FADH?

A

Flavin

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15
Q

What chemical reaction happens when you convert NAD+ to NADH?

A

Dehydrogenation

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16
Q

What is the reduced form of NAD+?

A

NADH

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17
Q

What is the final principal compound in the common metabolic pathway?

A

Coenzyme A (CoA)

18
Q

What is the final common pathway of biomolecules?

A

Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

19
Q

In what conditions does the Krebs cycle happen?

A

Aerobic conditions

20
Q

How many reactions happen under the TCA cycle?

A

8 reactions

21
Q

In what steps does the regulation of the TCA cycle happen?

A

Steps 3 and 4

22
Q

What is the average net ATP yield from a single glucose molecule?

A

30-38 ATP

23
Q

What is the first intermediate (product) formed during the Krebs Cycle?

A

Citric Acid

24
Q

What element is the final electron acceptor?

A

Oxygen

25
Q

How much ATP is yielded after glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

26
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the 10th step in glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate kinase

27
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the 1st step in glycolysis?

A

Hexokinase

28
Q

What are the fates of pyruvate?

A
  1. Ethanol
  2. Lactic Acid (Lactate)
  3. Acetyl CoA
29
Q

In what conditions does oxidation of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA happen?

A

Aerobic condition

30
Q

In what conditions does fermentation of pyruvate to ethanol to lactate happen?

A

Anaerobic condition

31
Q

What do you call the cycle that will yield pyruvate from lactate?

A

Cori Cycle

32
Q

An iron-carrying protein.

A

Ferritin

33
Q

What biochemical reaction converts an amino acid to a keto acid?

A

Oxidative deamination

34
Q

A cyclic pathway that produces urea from CO2 and NH4+.

A

Urea Cycle

35
Q

What can you get from a single triacylglyceride after lipolysis?

A
  1. 3 Fatty Acids

2. Glycerol

36
Q

What is the primary site for ketogenesis?

A

liver

37
Q

What is the precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones?

A

Cholesterol

38
Q

What are the intermediates (product) of the Krebs Cycle?

A
  1. 3 NADH
  2. 1 FADH
  3. 1 GTP
39
Q

True or False.

Glycolysis consumes 4 ATP.

A

False.

Glycolysis only uses 2 ATP.

40
Q

Where does oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA happen?

A

pathway between cytoplasm and mitochondria

Biochemistry (5 decks)

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