Protein Synthesis + Mutations + Heredity

Question 1

What is transcriptions and translation and where does it occur?

Answer 1

Transcription: Enzymes make an RNA copy of a portion of a DNA strand. (Happens in Nucleus)
Translation: Process of converting info form mRNA sequence to amino acids that make up a protein (happens in ribosome and cytoplasm)

Question 2

What are mutations and what causes them?

Answer 2

Mutations are a change in DNA séquence, change in ATCG’s and they are chased by a mutagen

Question 3

What is the difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation?

Answer 3

In gene mutations a single nucleotide is changed while in chromosomal mutation it is either detention, duplication, inversion, or translocation

Question 4

Who was Gregory Mendel and what did he do?

Answer 4

He was an Australian munk who started modern genetics and he developed roles that predict patterns of heredity

Question 5

What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?

Answer 5

Phenotype- physical traits of genetic info
Genotype- actual set of alleles ex: Bb

Question 6

What is the difference between homozygous, and heterozygous?

Answer 6

Homozygous- the 2 alleles are the same ex: BB bb
Heterozygous- the 2 alleles are different

Question 7

What is the law of independent assortment and law of segregation?

Answer 7

Independent assortment- alleles paires separate independently during the formation of gametes

Law of segregation- 2 alleles for a trait segregate when gametes (egg or sperm) form

Question 8

Explain what a mono hybrid Cross is and give an example

Answer 8

Mono hybrid cross: A cross looking at only one trait. Hybrid —> offspring of parents who have different forms of a trait.
Ex: TT+tt=Tt,Tt,Tt,Tt