protein synthesis and secretion of proteins

Question 1

what are the organelles involved in protein synthesis

Answer 1

-nucleus
-ribosomes
-RER
-Golgi apparatus
-cell surface membrane

Question 2

Describe the process of protein synthesis and secretion of protein

Answer 2

The DNA in the nucleus is copied into mRNA via translation
mRNA travels out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm, where it attaches itself to a ribosome on the surface of the RER.
The ribosome reads the genetic information in the mRNA molecule and uses it to synthesise a protein via translocation.
The newly synthesized protein passes the RER membrane. It enters its cisternae and lumen, where it is folded and processed before being packaged into a transport vesicle to be sent to the Golgi apparatus.
The vesicles travel to the Golgi apparatus via the cytoskeleton.
The transport vesicles then fuse with the cis face of the Golgi apparatus, and the proteins enter the Golgi apparatus.
The proteins are structurally modified in the Golgi before being packaged into secretory vesicles at the Golgi’s strand face.
The secretory vesicles transport proteins meant for secretion out of the cell
The secretory vesicles carrying the modified protein then move towards the cell-surface membrane and fuse with it to secrete the proteins out of the cell via exocytosis.

Question 3

what type of vesicle transports protein meant for secretion out of the cell

Answer 3

secretory vesicles

Question 4

which ribosomes normally make proteins meant for secretion out of the cell

Answer 4

those located on the surface of the RER

Question 5

what is the role of vesicles in protein synthesis

Answer 5

they transport proteins from the RER to the golgi apparatus and from the golgi apparatus to other parts of the cell like for example the cell-surface membrane