prokaryotic cells Flashcards
Are prokaryotic cells smaller or bigger than eukaryotes
smaller
what type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have
70S
Do prokaryotic cells make up single-celled organisms
yes,not multicellular,en example od a prokaryotic cell is bacterial cells
do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles
no they dont
which domains do prokaryotic cells belong to
bacteria and archaea
do prokaryotic cells have a mitochondria
no
do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall
yes
what do prokaryotic cell wall consist of
peptidoglycan/murein
What is the process prokaryotic cells use to divide
binary fission
do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus
no they do not
Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells located
the DNA in prokaryotic cells is free floating in the cytoplasm of the cell
in what form do prokaryotic cells store their energy
-glycogen granules
- lipid droplets
what is peptidoglycan
its a glycoprotein -menaing a carbohydrate and a polypeptide chain
-peptidoglycan specifically is made of a polysaccharide and amino acids
what structures are always present in prokaryotic cells
-peptidoglycan cell wall
-70S ribosomes
-DNA
-cell-surface membrane
-cytoplasm
-glycogen granules and lipid droplets
What’s the function of the peptidoglycan cell wall?
it helps maintain the cell’s structure-it prevents the bacterial cell from bursting when water enters the cell osmosis
Are the 70S ribosomes still involved in protein synthesis
yes
does the cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell have mebrane-bound organelles
no
What is the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell
cytosol
what is the cytosol made of
salt,water and organic matter
Does the DNA float freely within the cytoplasm
yes
what is the cell-surface membrane
phospholipid bilayer
What happened in the cell-surface membrane
ATP is produced within the cell-surface membrane
is the DNA is prokaryotic cells circular or linear
circular
is the DNA associated with histones in prokaryotic cells
No
what are glycogen granules and lipid droplets known as
They are the nutrient stores of bacterial cell
what structures may or may not be present in prokaryotic cells
-plasmids
-Pilli
-slime capsule
-flagellum
what is the definition for plasmids
small loops of circular DNA
is it true that plasmids are separated from the main circular DNA
yes
what do plasmids contain and why is that useful
they contain small amount of genes,particularly genes that can be passed between prokaryotes like antibiotic resistance ,thus helping prokaryotes to reproduce and survive
are plasmids present in all prokaryotes
no
where is the slime capsule located
outside of the peptidoglycan cell wall
what is the function of the slime capsule
-prevents bacteria from drying out
-protects bacteria from phagocytosis by white blood cells
does that flagella stick out of the surface of cells
yes
are flagella longer or shorter than cilia
longer
what is the structure of flagella
they have a ‘9+ 2 arrangement like cilia
what is the function of flagella
-they propel cells like sperm cells forward
-used as sensory organelles,detecting chemical changes in the environement
what happens in the flagellum to allow it to propel the cell forward
the microtubules contained within it contract, allowing the flagellum to rotate using energy from chemiosmosis and thus propel the cell forward
is the maximum number of flagella a prokaryote can have 1
no prokaryotes can have more than one falgellum
what process supplies the energy required for flagella to rotate
chemiosmosis
does the flagella use ATP to rotate
no,it uses chemiosmosis to getehr energy to rotate
what are pili
they are protein strands located on the surface of prokaryotic cells
what is the function of pilli
they allow prokaryotic cells to attach to surfaces and each other,allowing them to transfer DNA between each other
why is the function of pili vital for prokaryotes
when bacteria cells attach they can transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another
give me two ways in which prokaryotes are useful
-help make antibiotics
-used in food prodcution
