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Cell structure > prokaryotic cells > Flashcards

prokaryotic cells Flashcards

1
Q

Are prokaryotic cells smaller or bigger than eukaryotes

A

smaller

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2
Q

what type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have

A

70S

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3
Q

Do prokaryotic cells make up single-celled organisms

A

yes,not multicellular,en example od a prokaryotic cell is bacterial cells

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4
Q

do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles

A

no they dont

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5
Q

which domains do prokaryotic cells belong to

A

bacteria and archaea

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6
Q

do prokaryotic cells have a mitochondria

A

no

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7
Q

do prokaryotic cells have a cell wall

A

yes

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8
Q

what do prokaryotic cell wall consist of

A

peptidoglycan/murein

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9
Q

What is the process prokaryotic cells use to divide

A

binary fission

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9
Q

do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

A

no they do not

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10
Q

Where is the DNA in prokaryotic cells located

A

the DNA in prokaryotic cells is free floating in the cytoplasm of the cell

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11
Q

in what form do prokaryotic cells store their energy

A

-glycogen granules
- lipid droplets

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12
Q

what is peptidoglycan

A

its a glycoprotein -menaing a carbohydrate and a polypeptide chain

-peptidoglycan specifically is made of a polysaccharide and amino acids

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12
Q

what structures are always present in prokaryotic cells

A

-peptidoglycan cell wall
-70S ribosomes
-DNA
-cell-surface membrane
-cytoplasm
-glycogen granules and lipid droplets

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13
Q

What’s the function of the peptidoglycan cell wall?

A

it helps maintain the cell’s structure-it prevents the bacterial cell from bursting when water enters the cell osmosis

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14
Q

Are the 70S ribosomes still involved in protein synthesis

A

yes

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15
Q

does the cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell have mebrane-bound organelles

A

no

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16
Q

What is the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cell

A

cytosol

17
Q

what is the cytosol made of

A

salt,water and organic matter

18
Q

Does the DNA float freely within the cytoplasm

A

yes

18
Q

what is the cell-surface membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer

19
Q

What happened in the cell-surface membrane

A

ATP is produced within the cell-surface membrane

20
Q

is the DNA is prokaryotic cells circular or linear

A

circular

21
Q

is the DNA associated with histones in prokaryotic cells

A

No

22
Q

what are glycogen granules and lipid droplets known as

A

They are the nutrient stores of bacterial cell

23
Q

what structures may or may not be present in prokaryotic cells

A

-plasmids
-Pilli
-slime capsule
-flagellum

24
Q

what is the definition for plasmids

A

small loops of circular DNA

25
Q

is it true that plasmids are separated from the main circular DNA

A

yes

26
Q

what do plasmids contain and why is that useful

A

they contain small amount of genes,particularly genes that can be passed between prokaryotes like antibiotic resistance ,thus helping prokaryotes to reproduce and survive

27
Q

are plasmids present in all prokaryotes

A

no

28
Q

where is the slime capsule located

A

outside of the peptidoglycan cell wall

29
Q

what is the function of the slime capsule

A

-prevents bacteria from drying out
-protects bacteria from phagocytosis by white blood cells

30
Q

does that flagella stick out of the surface of cells

A

yes

31
Q

are flagella longer or shorter than cilia

A

longer

32
Q

what is the structure of flagella

A

they have a ‘9+ 2 arrangement like cilia

33
Q

what is the function of flagella

A

-they propel cells like sperm cells forward
-used as sensory organelles,detecting chemical changes in the environement

34
Q

what happens in the flagellum to allow it to propel the cell forward

A

the microtubules contained within it contract, allowing the flagellum to rotate using energy from chemiosmosis and thus propel the cell forward

35
Q

is the maximum number of flagella a prokaryote can have 1

A

no prokaryotes can have more than one falgellum

36
Q

what process supplies the energy required for flagella to rotate

A

chemiosmosis

37
Q

does the flagella use ATP to rotate

A

no,it uses chemiosmosis to getehr energy to rotate

38
Q

what are pili

A

they are protein strands located on the surface of prokaryotic cells

39
Q

what is the function of pilli

A

they allow prokaryotic cells to attach to surfaces and each other,allowing them to transfer DNA between each other

40
Q

why is the function of pili vital for prokaryotes

A

when bacteria cells attach they can transfer DNA from one bacterial cell to another

40
Q

give me two ways in which prokaryotes are useful

A

-help make antibiotics
-used in food prodcution

Cell structure (6 decks)

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