Protein Synthesis and Distribution Flashcards
What is transcription
making a copy of the genetic information
What is translation
decoding the genetic information and determine the sequence of amino acids within a
protein
What is the directional flow of genetic information
Dna, Rna, Protein
Transcription in eukaryotes
eukaryotic cell transcription is confined to the nucleus
Translation in eukaryotes
eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm
What is RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the steps involved
RNAP is an enzyme that builds RNA chains
1. RNAP binds to the promoter of the gene
2. RNAP moves downstream and builds the RNA transcript 5’ to 3’
3. the new RNA transcript is released & RNAP detaches from the
template strand of the DNA
What happens in translation
The base sequence of genes determine the amino acid sequence of proteins
What is tRNA
tRNA “read” the genetic code in mRNA and convert it into amino acids
What is a mutation
Any change in the DNA sequence, can change
the amino acid sequence of a protein
protein sorting in eukaryotic cells
All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes