Protein Synthesis and Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

What is transcription

A

making a copy of the genetic information

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2
Q

What is translation

A

decoding the genetic information and determine the sequence of amino acids within a
protein

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3
Q

What is the directional flow of genetic information

A

Dna, Rna, Protein

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4
Q

Transcription in eukaryotes

A

eukaryotic cell transcription is confined to the nucleus

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5
Q

Translation in eukaryotes

A

eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm

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6
Q

What is RNA polymerase (RNAP) and the steps involved

A

RNAP is an enzyme that builds RNA chains
1. RNAP binds to the promoter of the gene
2. RNAP moves downstream and builds the RNA transcript 5’ to 3’
3. the new RNA transcript is released & RNAP detaches from the
template strand of the DNA

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7
Q

What happens in translation

A

The base sequence of genes determine the amino acid sequence of proteins

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8
Q

What is tRNA

A

tRNA “read” the genetic code in mRNA and convert it into amino acids

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9
Q

What is a mutation

A

Any change in the DNA sequence, can change

the amino acid sequence of a protein

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10
Q

protein sorting in eukaryotic cells

A

All proteins are synthesized by ribosomes

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