Animal structure

Question 1

four main processes involved in food processing

Answer 1

Ingestion: act of eating
Digestion: food is broken down by either mechanical or chemical
Absorption: uptake of small molecules through gut wall
Elimination: discharge of unwanted or undigested material

Question 2

The 3 types of digestive systems

Answer 2

Intracellular digestion- Unicellular organisms digest food in organelles
Extracellular digestion: Two way digestion – in gastrovascular cavities with single opening
one-way digestion- links two openings, the mouth
to the anus food moves in one direction

Question 3

What does an adequate diet require

Answer 3

sufficient fuel or energy for required activity
carbon skeletons for biosynthesis
all essential nutrients

Question 4

Four main groups of essential nutrients

Answer 4

Fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals

Question 5

Why are transport system required

Answer 5

Because diffusion is slow time needed is proportional to the square of the distance molecules must
travel

Question 6

The two main types of transport systems and their functional differences

Answer 6

Open and closed circulatory systems

Open circulatory system- Insects and other invertebrates . Haemolymph bathes internal organs directly acts as both a ‘blood’ and an interstitial fluid

Closed circulatory systems- cephalopods, and vertebrates. Blood is confined to vessels. a distinct interstitial fluid is present