Protein Synthesis And Cell Life Cycl Flashcards
Nucleus
Cell’s control center, largest organelle
Nuclear envelope
Double membrane around nucleus
Nuclear pores
Communication passages
Components of Nucleus: DNA
All info to build and run organisms
Components of Nucleus: Nucleoplasm
FLUID containing ions, enzymes, nucleotides, some RNA
Nuclear Matrix
Support filaments
Nucleoli
Related to protein productions; made of RNA, enzymes, histones; synthesizes rRNA and ribosomal subunits
Nucleosomes
DNA coiled around histones
Chromatin
Loosely coiled DNA (cells not dividing)
Chromosomes
Tightly coiled DNA (cells dividing)
Gene
DNA instructions for one protein
Genetic code
Sequence of bases
Triplet code
3 bases = 1 amino acid
Gene activation: uncoiling of DNA
Promoter, terminator
Transcription
Copies instructions from DNA to mRNA (in nucleus)
Transcription: RNA polymerase
Produces messenger RNA (mRNA)
Translation
Ribosome reads mRNA, assembles into polypeptide chain, RNA -> protein
3 steps of mRNA transcription
- Gene activation
- DNA to mRNA
- RNA processing