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Intro To A&P > An Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

An Introduction To Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structures of the body (what, where, associated structures)

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Functions of anatomical structures

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Macroscopic anatomy, examines large and visible structures

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4
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

Exterior features

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5
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Body areas

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6
Q

Sectional anatomy

A

Cross sections, imaging (CT, MRI, PET)

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7
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Organ systems

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8
Q

Clinical anatomy

A

Medical specialties

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9
Q

Developmental anatomy

A

From conception to adulthood, including embryologu

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10
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Examines cells and molecules

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11
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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12
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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13
Q

Cell physiology

A

Function of cells

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14
Q

Organ physiology

A

Function of specific organs

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15
Q

Systemic physiology

A

Functions of organ systems

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16
Q

Pathological physiology

A

Effects of diseases on organs or systems

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17
Q

Chemical level of organization: Atoms

A

Smallest stable unit of matter

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18
Q

Chemical level of organization: molecules

A

Groups of atoms

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19
Q

Cellular level of organization: cells

A

Smallest living units in body

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20
Q

Tissue level

A

Group of cells working together

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21
Q

Organ level

A

Two or more tissues working together

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22
Q

Organ system level

A

Group of interacting organs

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23
Q

Organism level

A

Individual life form

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24
Q

Integumentary

A

Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails

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25
Q

Skeletal

A

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow

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26
Q

Nervous

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs

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27
Q

Endocrine

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, gonads

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28
Q

Cardiovascular

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

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29
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Locating structures on or near the body surface

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30
Q

Anatomical position

A

Hands at sides, palms forward

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31
Q

Supine

A

Lying down, facing up

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32
Q

Prone

A

Lying down, face down

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33
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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34
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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35
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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36
Q

Facial

A

Face

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37
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

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38
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

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39
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

40
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

41
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants

A

Abdomen to pelvic

42
Q

RUQ

A

Right Upper Quadrant

43
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

44
Q

Left upper quadrant

A

LUQ

45
Q

Left lower quadrant

A

LLQ

46
Q

Proximal

A

Towards point of attachment of limb to trunk

47
Q

Ex of proximal description

A

The shoulder is proximal to wrist

48
Q

Distal

A

Away from the point if attachment to the trunk

49
Q

Distal example

A

Fingers are distal to the wrist

50
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline

51
Q

Lateral example

A

The hand is lateral from the belly button

52
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline

53
Q

Ventral

A

Anterior

54
Q

Dorsal

A

Posterior

55
Q

Cranial (cephalic)

A

Towards the head

56
Q

Superficial

A

On surface

57
Q

Deep

A

Towards interior

58
Q

Sectional plane

A

Single view along a 2D flat surface

59
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Vertical plan that divides body into anterior and posterior (parallel to long axis)

60
Q

Sectional plane examples

A

Frontal plane, sagittal plane, transverse

61
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane example

A

Hit corona beer over head

62
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Separates left and right (slice sword vertically)

63
Q

Transverse plane mnemonic

A

Sliced in half at hip

64
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior (perpendicular to long axis)

65
Q

Transverse section

A

Cut in transverse plane

66
Q

Superior

A

Towards head

67
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head

68
Q

Body cavities functions

A
  1. Protect organ from shock and impact

2. Permit significant change in size and shape of internal organs

69
Q

Ventral body cavity

A

Coelem

70
Q

Diaphragm

A

Divides ventral body cavity

71
Q

Ventral body cavity consists of

A

Thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity

72
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs in body cavities

73
Q

Serous membrane (serisa)

A

Lines body cavities and covers organs

74
Q

Serous membrane contains

A

Two layers

75
Q

Parietal serosa

A

Layer that lines cavity

76
Q

Visceral serosa

A

Covers organ

77
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Chamber within abdominopelvic cavity

78
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines internal body wall in perioneal cavity

79
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Perioneal cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

80
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

Covers the organs in peritoneal cavity

81
Q

Pelvic cavity location

A

Inferior portion of abdominopelvic cavity, medial to pelvic bones

82
Q

Pelvic cavity contains

A

Reproductive organs, rectum, bladder

83
Q

Homeostasis

A

Regulation of body for stable internal environment

84
Q

Autoregulation

A

Automatic response in cell, tissue, or organ to an environmental change

85
Q

Autoregulation ex

A

Heart running

86
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

87
Q

Extrinsic regulation ex

A

Brain provides input

88
Q

Homeostasis: receptor

A

Receives the stimuls

89
Q

Receptor ex

A

Hypothalamus

90
Q

Homeostasis: control center

A

Processes signal and sends instructions

91
Q

Homeostasis: Effector

A

Carries out instructions

92
Q

Effector ex

A

Sweat glands

93
Q

Negative feedback

A

Body brought back to homeostasis, effector negates stimulus to maintain normal range

94
Q

Positive feedback

A

Initial stimulus produces response that amplifies original change, moved away from homeostasis

95
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Completes a dangerous process quickly to reestablish homeostasis

96
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

Homeostasis, continual adaption

Intro To A&P (5 decks)

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