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Intro To A&P > Cell Organelles And Cytoplasm, Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Cell Organelles And Cytoplasm, Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cellular structure and function

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2
Q

Robert Hooke’s Ideas

A

Cells are building blocks
All cells come from division of preexisting cells
Cells are smallest unit that perform all vital physiology functions
Each cell maintains homeostasis at cellular level

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Lipids and cholesterol
Protein
Carbs

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol and organelles

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5
Q

Organelles: Cytoskeleton

A

Microfilament (microvilli), intermediate filament, microtubules

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6
Q

Organelles list

A

Centrosome, centriole, ribosome, proteasome, microvilli, flagella, cilia, ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria

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7
Q

Membrane transport

A

Diffusion, osmosis/osmolarity, tonicity

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8
Q

Functions of plasma membrane

A

Physical/isolation barrier, regulation of exchange, eliminates waste and releases cellular product, sensitivity, structural

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9
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads, barrier to ions and water

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10
Q

Membrane Protein: anchoring proteins

A

Attach to inside or outside structures

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11
Q

Membrane Proteins: Recognition Proteins

A

Label cells as normal or abnormal

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12
Q

Membrane Proteins: Enzymes

A

Catalyze reactions

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13
Q

Membrane Proteins: Receptor Proteins

A

Bind and respond to ligands (ions, hormones)

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14
Q

Membrane Proteins: Carrier Proteins

A

Transport specific solutes through membrane

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15
Q

Membrane Proteins: Channels

A

Regulate water flow and solutes through membrane

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16
Q

Cytoplasm: cytosol (intracellular fluid)

A

Dissolved materials (nutrients, ions, protein, waste prod), high potassium/low sodium, high protein, high carb/low amino acids + fat

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton: structural proteins

A

For shape and strength
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

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18
Q

Microvilli

A

Increase surface area for absorption, attach to cytoskeleton

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19
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Mid-sized between microfilaments and thick filaments

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20
Q

Intermediate filaments purpose

A

Durable (collagen), strengthen cell and maintain shape, stabilize organelles, stabilize cell position

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21
Q

Cilia

A

Small hair-like extensions, move fluids

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22
Q

Ribosomes

A

Build polypeptides into protein synthesis

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23
Q

Ribosomes: two types are…

A

Free ribosomes, fixed ribosomes

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24
Q

Free ribosomes

A

Manufacture proteins in cell, in cytoplasm

25
Q

Fixed ribosomes

A

Attached to ER, manufacture proteins for secretion

26
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) name breakdown

A

Endo = within
Plasm = cytoplasm
Reticulum = network

27
Q

Cisternae

A

Storage containers within membranes in ER

28
Q

ER functions

A
  1. Synthesis of protein, carbs, lipids
  2. Storage of synthesized molecules and materials
  3. Transport of materials
  4. Deoxtification
29
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A

No ribosomes; synthesizes lipids and carbs

30
Q

SER: synthesizes lipids and carbs such as..

A

Phospholipids and cholesterol
Steroid hormones
Glycerides
Glycogen

31
Q

RER functions

A

Active in protein and glycoprotein synthesis
Folds polypeptide protein structures
Encloses products in transport vesicles

32
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Vesicles entering and leaving; hormones and enzymes released through exocytosis

33
Q

Lysosomes

A

Digestive enzymes, recycle damaged proteins, autolysis

34
Q

Autolysis

A

Break up of lysosomes, self destruct to cell decompose

35
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Enzyme-containing vesicles, Break down fatty acids, organic compilation

36
Q

Mitochondria

A

Smooth outer membrane, inner membrane w folds (cristae)

37
Q

Mitochondria produces

A

ATP

38
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle, control cemter

39
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement down a concentration gradient

40
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water from low solute to high solute

41
Q

Hydrostatic pressure

A

Force needed to equalize water lvld after physical pushing of water

42
Q

Osmotic pressure is equal to

A

Hydrostatic press.

43
Q

Isotonic

A

Does not cause osmotic flow of water

44
Q

Hypotonic

A

Less solute, loses water

45
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solute, gains water

46
Q

Cells in hypertonic solution

A

Crenate, water moves out

47
Q

Cells in hypotonic solution

A

Ruptures (hemolysis)

48
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Restricts movement; nutrients get in and wastes go out

49
Q

Simple diffusion

A

Lipid-soluble compounds (alcohols, fatty acids, steroids)
Dissolved gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)

50
Q

Channel-mediated diffusion

A

Water-soluble compounds and ions

51
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Molecule binds to receptor site on carrier protein; protein changes shape, molecules pass through

52
Q

Active transport

A

Pumps that use ATP; move against concentration gradient

53
Q

Endocytosis

A

Active transport using ATP
Receptor-mediated, pinocytosis, phagocytosis

54
Q

Vesicular Transport

A

Bulk transport, materials move in or out of cells

55
Q

Endocytosis: pinocytodis

A

Endosomes drink extracellular fluid

56
Q

Phagcytosis

A

Engulf large objects in phagosomes

57
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Receptors bind target molecules (ligands); coated vesicle (endosome) carries ligands and receptors into cell

58
Q

Exocytosis

A

Granules/droplets released from cell; opposite of endocytosis

Intro To A&P (5 decks)

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