Chemistry

Question 1

Chemistry

Answer 1

Structure of matter

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

Anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 3

Chemical properties

Answer 3

Determine physiology at molecular and cellular levels

Question 4

Protons

Answer 4

Positive charge, 1 mass unit

Question 5

Neutrons

Answer 5

Neutral, 1 mass unit

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

Negative charge, low mass

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

of protons

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Contains protons and neutrons

Question 9

Molecule

Answer 9

Two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

Question 10

Compound

Answer 10

Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

Question 11

Three major types of chemical bonds

Answer 11

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 12

Ion

Answer 12

Atom with an electric charge

Question 13

Cation

Answer 13

Electron donor

Question 14

Anion

Answer 14

Electron acceptor

Question 15

Ionic bond

Answer 15

Attractions between cations and anions

Question 16

Covalent binds

Answer 16

Strong electrons involving shared electrons

Question 17

Single covalent bond

Answer 17

Sharing one pair of electrons

Question 18

Double covalent bond

Answer 18

Sharing two pairs of electrons

Question 19

Triple covalent bond

Answer 19

Sharing three pairs of electrons

Question 20

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

Weak polar bonds between adjacent molecules based on electrical attractions

Question 21

Organic molecules

Answer 21

Contain H, C, and usually O

Question 22

Organic molecules include

Answer 22

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 23

Monosaccharides def

Answer 23

Simple sugars with three to seven carbon atoms

Question 24

Monosaccharides ex

Answer 24

Glucose (6C)

Question 25

Disaccharides

Answer 25

Two monosaccharides (sucrose, maltose)

Question 26

Polysaccharides def

Answer 26

Polymers of many sugars

Question 27

Polysaccharide ex

Answer 27

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

Question 28

Glucose stored…

Answer 28

In liver, skeletal muscle

Question 29

Lipids

Answer 29

Hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes

Question 30

Fatty acids (saturated)

Answer 30

No double bonds in hydrocarbon tail

Question 31

Fatty Acids (Unsaturated)

Answer 31

One or more double bonds in tail

Question 32

Glycerides

Answer 32

Fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule

Question 33

Triglycerides

Answer 33

Glycerol plus three fatty acids

Question 34

Triglyceride: 3 functions

Answer 34

1. Energy source 2. Insulation 3. Protection

Question 35

Steroids (class of fat)

Answer 35

Cholesterol, sex hormones, steroid hormones

Question 36

Phospholipids and glycolipids

Answer 36

Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads

Question 37

Structural lipids

Answer 37

Components of plasma membrane

Question 38

Proteins

Answer 38

Most abundant and important organic molecules

Question 39

Amino acids

Answer 39

20, monomers that combine to form proteins

Question 40

Primary structure

Answer 40

Sequence of amino acids along polypeptide

Question 41

Secondary structure

Answer 41

Hydrogen bonds form spirals or pleats

Question 42

Tertiary structure

Answer 42

Coiling and folding produce 3D shape

Question 43

Quaternary structure

Answer 43

Final protein complex produced by interacting polypeptide chains

Question 44

Globular proteins

Answer 44

Soluble spheres with active functions; shape based on tertiary structure

Question 45

Fibrous proteins

Answer 45

Structural sheets or strands; shape based on secondary or quaternary structure

Question 46

7 major protein functions

Answer 46

Support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination + control, defense

Question 47

Enzymes

Answer 47

Lower activation energy of chemical rxn

Question 48

Nucleic acids

Answer 48

Large organic molecules found in nucleus

Question 49

DNA

Answer 49

Determines genetics, directs protein synthesis, control enzyme production, controls metabolism

Question 50

RNA

Answer 50

Coordinates intermediate steps in protein synthesis

Question 51

Complementary strands

Answer 51

In DNA; double helix; hydrogen binds btwn opposing nitrogenous bases holds them together

Question 52

Single chain

Answer 52

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Question 53

Complementary base pairs

Answer 53

DNA: AT, CG RNA: AU

Question 54

ATP

Answer 54

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 55

Phosphorylation

Answer 55

Process of adding a phosphate group to another molecule