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Intro To A&P > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Chemistry

A

Structure of matter

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2
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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3
Q

Chemical properties

A

Determine physiology at molecular and cellular levels

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4
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge, 1 mass unit

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5
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral, 1 mass unit

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6
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge, low mass

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7
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains protons and neutrons

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9
Q

Molecule

A

Two or more atoms joined by strong bonds

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10
Q

Compound

A

Two or more atoms of different elements joined by strong or weak bonds

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11
Q

Three major types of chemical bonds

A

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

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12
Q

Ion

A

Atom with an electric charge

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13
Q

Cation

A

Electron donor

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14
Q

Anion

A

Electron acceptor

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15
Q

Ionic bond

A

Attractions between cations and anions

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16
Q

Covalent binds

A

Strong electrons involving shared electrons

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17
Q

Single covalent bond

A

Sharing one pair of electrons

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18
Q

Double covalent bond

A

Sharing two pairs of electrons

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19
Q

Triple covalent bond

A

Sharing three pairs of electrons

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20
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Weak polar bonds between adjacent molecules based on electrical attractions

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21
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contain H, C, and usually O

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22
Q

Organic molecules include

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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23
Q

Monosaccharides def

A

Simple sugars with three to seven carbon atoms

24
Q

Monosaccharides ex

A

Glucose (6C)

25
Q

Disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides (sucrose, maltose)

26
Q

Polysaccharides def

A

Polymers of many sugars

27
Q

Polysaccharide ex

A

Glycogen, starch, cellulose

28
Q

Glucose stored…

A

In liver, skeletal muscle

29
Q

Lipids

A

Hydrophobic molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes

30
Q

Fatty acids (saturated)

A

No double bonds in hydrocarbon tail

31
Q

Fatty Acids (Unsaturated)

A

One or more double bonds in tail

32
Q

Glycerides

A

Fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule

33
Q

Triglycerides

A

Glycerol plus three fatty acids

34
Q

Triglyceride: 3 functions

A
  1. Energy source
  2. Insulation
  3. Protection
35
Q

Steroids (class of fat)

A

Cholesterol, sex hormones, steroid hormones

36
Q

Phospholipids and glycolipids

A

Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads

37
Q

Structural lipids

A

Components of plasma membrane

38
Q

Proteins

A

Most abundant and important organic molecules

39
Q

Amino acids

A

20, monomers that combine to form proteins

40
Q

Primary structure

A

Sequence of amino acids along polypeptide

41
Q

Secondary structure

A

Hydrogen bonds form spirals or pleats

42
Q

Tertiary structure

A

Coiling and folding produce 3D shape

43
Q

Quaternary structure

A

Final protein complex produced by interacting polypeptide chains

44
Q

Globular proteins

A

Soluble spheres with active functions; shape based on tertiary structure

45
Q

Fibrous proteins

A

Structural sheets or strands; shape based on secondary or quaternary structure

46
Q

7 major protein functions

A

Support, movement, transport, buffering, metabolic regulation, coordination + control, defense

47
Q

Enzymes

A

Lower activation energy of chemical rxn

48
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Large organic molecules found in nucleus

49
Q

DNA

A

Determines genetics, directs protein synthesis, control enzyme production, controls metabolism

50
Q

RNA

A

Coordinates intermediate steps in protein synthesis

51
Q

Complementary strands

A

In DNA; double helix; hydrogen binds btwn opposing nitrogenous bases holds them together

52
Q

Single chain

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

53
Q

Complementary base pairs

A

DNA: AT, CG
RNA: AU

54
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

55
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Process of adding a phosphate group to another molecule

Intro To A&P (5 decks)

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