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Bio 12 > Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Protein synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

The final phase of translation where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

A

Termination

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2
Q

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene

A

Deletion

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3
Q

____ bonds form between the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

Unlike DNA, RNA is ___ stranded molecule

A

Single

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5
Q

The process of creating an mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

A

Transcription

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6
Q

Something that can DNA from one species into the cells of another species

A

Vector

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7
Q

Any factor which cause a mutation is called a

A

Mutagen

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8
Q

A gene mutation where one nucleotide is replaced by a different nucleotide

A

Substitution

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9
Q

DNA and RNA are both types of

A

Nucleic Acids

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10
Q

This type of RNA is used in the ribosome during protein synthesis

A

rRNA

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11
Q

The process of DNA making copies of itself

A

Replication

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12
Q

The first phase of translation where the mRNA and first tRNA join up with the small ribosomal subunit is called

A

Initiation

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13
Q

DNA is found in the ___ of eukaryotic cells

A

Nucleus

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14
Q

Many ribosomes can be translating a single mRBA strand at the same time- this unit is called a

A

Polysome

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15
Q

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to the growing strand during transcription

A

RNA Polymerase

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16
Q

A nitrogenous base with a double ring structure

A

Purine

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17
Q

Proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

A

Histones

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18
Q

The enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication

A

Helicase

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19
Q

A DNA subunit made up of three components

A

Nucleotide

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20
Q

The three letter sequence on tRNA that is complimentary to an mRNA codon

A

Anticodon

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21
Q

This type of RNA delivers Amino Acids to the ribosomes

A

tRNA

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22
Q

Chromosomal____ occurs when entire portions of chromosomes are removed

A

Deletions

23
Q

A change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

A

Mutation

24
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is flipped

A

Inversion

25
Q

Proteins are made up of chains of ___ strung together

A

Amino acids

26
Q

This type of RHA brings the instructions from the DNA molecule to the ribosome

A

mRNA

27
Q

DNA is made up of many repeating subunits and is therefore referred to as being a __

A

Polymer

28
Q

Replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a __ process because each daughter strand contains half ‘old DNA’ and half ‘new DNA’

A

Semi-conservative

29
Q

The reading of an mRNA strand by s ribosome to make a protein is called

A

Translation

30
Q

UV light and X rays are examples of ___ mutagens

A

Radiation

31
Q

A ___ mutation affects only one gene

A

Gene

32
Q

HPV is an example of a ___ mutagen

A

Viral

33
Q

A gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

A

Addition

34
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosome

A

Translocation

35
Q

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA called___

A

Urasil

36
Q

Nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

A

Pyrimidine

37
Q

Completed proteins are sent to the ____ for final processing and packaging

A

Golgi Apparatus

38
Q

Benzene and dioxins are examples of ___ mutagens

A

Chemical

39
Q

A chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself

A

Duplication

40
Q

A mutagen that cause cancer is called a

A

Carcinogen

41
Q

___ mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development

A

Germinal

42
Q

___ bonds form between adjoins amino acids

A

Peptide

43
Q

The number of purine bases will always equal to number of pyramiding bases according to ____ rule

A

Chargaffs

44
Q

___ Base pairing means that only A will pair with T and G will only pair with C

A

Complimentary

45
Q

The amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a ____ to enter the ribosome

A

Release factor

46
Q

A small circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

A

Polymer

47
Q

Addition and deletion mutations can c side devastating effects because they cause a ____ where all codons downstream of the mutagen are altered

A

Frame shift

48
Q

The enzyme that adds new DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication

A

DNA Polymerase

49
Q

The second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called ____

A

Elongation

50
Q

Strong ___ bonds form between the sugar and phosphate to form a backbone of the molecule

A

Covalent

51
Q

The three letter sequence on mRBA that codes for an amino acid

A

Codon

52
Q

___ mutations occur in cells after birth

A

Somatic

53
Q

During transcription, the ___ strand of the DNA molecule is used to die for the mRBA molecule

A

Sense

Bio 12 (9 decks)

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