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Bio 12 > Enzyme And Homeostasis > Flashcards

Enzyme And Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

In an enzyme cataclysms reaction, reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are ____. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate

A

Saturated

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2
Q

Components of the body which detect temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

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3
Q

The enzyme Maltese decomposes the sugar

A

Maltose

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4
Q

This enzyme catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A

Catalase

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5
Q

If your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to

A

Shiver

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6
Q

Components of the body which detect light

A

Photoreceptors

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7
Q

When the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction bonds to the ___ sure in the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

A

Allosteric

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8
Q

__ glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

A

Endocrine

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9
Q

___ glands secrete hormones into ducts

A

Exocrine

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10
Q

An _____ ______ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of normal range

A

Adaptive response

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11
Q

The idea that the active site modified its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

A

Induced fit

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12
Q

Every enzyme has an optimal __ at which it will work in the body. The exact value of this will depend joins where in the body that enzyme is functioning. Values too far above OR below optimal will result in the denaturation of the enzyme

A

pH

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13
Q

In order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called ______, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

A

Co-factors

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14
Q

Cofactors can belong to this group of substances

A

Metals

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15
Q

Enzymes are said to be ___ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

A

Specific

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16
Q

Enzyme activity can be reduced when temperature become too ____, however this situation can be reversed

A

Cold

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17
Q

A biological catalyst is called a

A

Enzyme

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18
Q

A word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

A

Substrate

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19
Q

Negative feedback ____ occurs when the increase in the product of an enzyme catalyzes reaction. Cause the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

A

Inhibition

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20
Q

Maintains the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

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21
Q

The model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other

A

Lock and key

22
Q

Components of the body which detect chemical changes

A

Chemoreceptors

23
Q

___ like mercury’s and lead can cause the denaturation or enzymes

A

Heavy metals

24
Q

The protein portion of an enzyme is called the

A

Apoenzyme

25
Q

Components of the body which detect changes in blood changes

A

Pressoreceptors

26
Q

Insulin is an example of ___ hormone

A

Peptide

27
Q

Blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of ___ feedback systems where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to a slowing or ceasing of the corrective measure

A

Negative

28
Q

The ____ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

A

Activation

29
Q

This word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

A

Metabolism

30
Q

Metabolic rate is contributed by the hormone thyroxin which is produced by the ___ gland

A

Thryroid

31
Q

A organic, but non-protein substance which has a role in forming a functioning enzyme

A

Coenzyme

32
Q

In order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will ___

A

Dilate

33
Q

___ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth or breast-feeding

A

Positive

34
Q

All enzyme names end in this suffix

A

Saw

35
Q

This element is required for the production of thyroxin

A

Iodine

36
Q

Increasing this factor will increase the rate of chemical reaction

A

Surface area

37
Q

___ are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with each other

A

Hormones

38
Q

The receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

39
Q

This word is what happens to a protein when it’s shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

A

Denature

40
Q

All of the body’s sensory receptors are connected to the ___ system

A

Nervous

41
Q

Organic, but non protein cofactors are often derived from these substances

A

Vitamins

42
Q

Enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temperatures get too ____. This situation is irreversible

A

Hot

43
Q

This enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter

44
Q

Lipid based hormones are composed of

A

Steroids

45
Q

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

A

Active site

46
Q

A __\ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

A

Catalyst

47
Q

An solution with a higher ___ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

A

Concentration

48
Q

A factor affecting the rate of chemical reaction

A

Temperature

49
Q

Many ___ are inhibitors that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

A

Poisons

50
Q

The term metabolic ____ refers to a sequence of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

A

Pathways

Bio 12 (9 decks)

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