Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
What does DNA store a genetic code for?
A
Building proteins
2
Q
How does DNA store a genetic code for building proteins?
A
Each group of 3 bases (eg. ACT, AGG, GAC) codes for an amino acid. The order of these bases causes amino acids to be joined in a certain order in a protein determining what type of protein it is.
3
Q
What are the 2 processes of protein synthesis?
A
- Transcription
- Translation
4
Q
What is protein synthesis?
A
The process of producing a protein from DNA
5
Q
Where does transcription occur?
A
In the nucleus
6
Q
Describe the process of transcription:
A
- RNA polymerase attaches to DNA in front of a gene in a non coding region
- Enzyme separates the 2 DNA strands
- Enzyme moves along DNA template string
- As it moves along, complementary RNA nucleotides are added but T changes to U
- A strand of messenger RNA is formed
7
Q
In protein synthesis what are DNA bases used for?
A
To make a strand of RNA
8
Q
Describe the process of Translation:
A
- mRNA moves out of the nucleus through small holes in membrane called nuclear pores
- mRNA attaches to ribosomes in cytoplasm
- Each set of 3 bases is a codon. At each mRNA codon, a molecule of tRNA with complementary bases line up with its specific amino acids in order.
- Amino acids noun together as ribosomes move along forming a polypeptide, which folds into a protein
9
Q
Where does transcription occur?
A
Nucleus
10
Q
Where does translation occur?
A
Cytoplasm
11
Q
In transcription, what is T replaced with?
A
U (uracil)
