protein synthesis

Question 1

a synthase is an enzyme that …

Answer 1

synthesizes something

Question 2

a synthetase is …

Answer 2

a synthase that uses ATP

Question 3

3 characteristics of the genetic code

Answer 3

degenerate / redundant

non-overlapping

universal

Question 4

silent (single nucleotide) mutation

Answer 4

one nucleotide changes but residue is still the same

GAA -> GAG
glutamic acid -> still glutamic acid

Question 5

missense (single nucleotide) mutation

Answer 5

one nucleotide changes and residue changes

GAG -> GTG
glutamic acid -> now arginine
(not real)

Question 6

nonsense (single nucleotide) mutation

Answer 6

one nucleotide change results in premature stop codon

CAG -> now stop codon

Question 7

deletion (single nucleotide) mutation

Answer 7

one nucleotide deletion causes a frameshift (if not a multiple of 3)

ATG TAT -> ATT AT
G is gone

Question 8

insertion (single nucleotide) mutation

Answer 8

one nucleotide addition causes a frameshift (if not a multiple of 3)

ATG TAT -> ATG CTA T
C is added

Question 9

tRNA converts …

Answer 9

genetic info from codons to amino acids

Question 10

ribosome tRNA binding site A stands for

Answer 10

A(minoacyl tRNA) Addition

Question 11

ribosome tRNA binding site P stands for

Answer 11

P(eptidyl tRNA)

Question 12

ribosome tRNA binding site E stands for

Answer 12

E(xit of uncharged tRNA)

Question 13

eukaryotic ribosome is

Answer 13

large subunit 60s

small subunit 40s

whole ribosome 80s

Question 14

prokaryotic ribosome is

Answer 14

large subunit 50s

small subunit 30s

whole ribosome 70s

Question 15

shine-dalgarno sequence is a

Answer 15

(prok translation)

nucleotide sequence in the 5’ UTR of mRNA, 8 nt upstream of start codon

where ribosome is recruited to bind for translation initiation