gene expression / transcription Flashcards
RNA stands for … and defers from DNA by …
ribonucleic acid
having a ribose sugar and nitrogenous base U
transcription is …
the process of copying the genes from DNA template for the synthesis of RNA
DNA -> RNA
product of a gene is …
RNA or proteins
RNA polymerases are …
the major enzymes that generate asingle-stranded RNAidentical to parent DNA; except for U in place of T
the RNA transcript is synthesized in the … direction
5’ - 3’
(anti-parallel to the template strand)
polycistronic mRNA is …
in prokaryotes
an mRNA codes more than one gene
monocistronic mRNA is …
in eukaryotes
an mRNA codes only one gene
3 types of RNA
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
mRNA (messenger RNA)
some rRNA have … function
catalytic function, meaning they can act as enzymes (ribozymes)
tRNA carries …
amino acids
mRNA carries …
genetic information from DNA to cytosol for protein synthesis
eukaryotic mRNA is composed of …
single translation start site (bc euk mRNA is monocistronic)
5’ cap
poly-A tail (long sequence of Adenines on 3’ end)
5’ cap on eukaryotic mRNA is made up of …
7-methylguanosine on 5’ end via unusual triphosphate linkage
both prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA contain … that provide …
UTRs (untranslated regions) at 5’ and 3’ ends
provide stability
