Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What are the 2 parts of protein synthesis?
Transcription and translation
What does transcription do?
Copies DNA into mRNA
What does translation do?
Translation informs mRNA of what to do in order to build proteins
What are the 3 different types of RNA
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
What is another word for protein synthesis?
Gene expression
How many amino acids are there ç
20
An a a is made up of how many bases
3, codon
After the DNA is transcribed where does the mRNA move to
The cytoplasm to attach onto the ribosomes
What is the purpose of ribosomes?
Making proteins translate the sequence of nucleotide bases into amino acids
Where can a, a be found and how does it get there
Found all over cytoplasm through the food we eat
What does t RNA attach to?
Amino acids
Describe process between t RNA and mRNA with the a, a
mRNA is feed through the ribosome while the codons like up with the anti-codons of t RNA once they match up the amino acid is released while the t RNA leaves. The remaining a, a form a polypeptide chain
What is the bond of amino acids called
Polypeptide chain with peptide bond
How many a, a are add to the a, a chain every second
15
How many t RNA are in ribosomes at one time?
2t RNA
How does translation start?
With Aug or methionine start codon
How does translation end?
With a stop codon
What happens once ribosome reaches an end codon?
It releases the polypeptide chain to form a protein
Describe the process of protein synthesis
- DNA transcription to make mRNA.
- Relocation of mRNA
- Ribosome
- T RNA finds a, a based on anti-codons
- Attach to form polypeptide chain with peptide bond
- T RNA releases, stop codon
Function: mRNA
Translate messages (genetic material) from DNA to ribosome to make proteins
Function: tRNA
Build polypeptide chains by transferring aa
Function: rRNA
Makes up the ribosome binds mRNA to tRNA
Define: template strand
Strand of DNA which RNA polymerase move along it is the template strand that makes RNA
