Heredity

Question 1

What is a trait?

Answer 1

Unique characteristics that distinguish organisms

Question 2

Define: inherited traits

Answer 2

Physical traits transmitted to each generation

Question 3

Who used pea plants to come up with the “principle ofdominance”

Answer 3

Gregor Mendel

Question 4

Why did Mendel use peas?

Answer 4

1. easy to find
2. Easy to grow
3. Self pollinate

Question 5

What is cross-pollination?

Think back to vanilla hand pollination

Answer 5

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma

Question 6

Define: dominant trait

Answer 6

Characteristic always expressed if they carry that allele

Question 7

Define: recessive trait

Answer 7

Charctenstic that is latent (present but inactive) only be expressed it only trait present

Question 8

The principle of dominance states:

Answer 8

When indicisuals with contrasing traits are crossed, the offspring will only express the dominant trait if it is present in the gene

Question 9

What is Mendelian ratio?

Answer 9

3:1

Question 10

Law of segregation states:

Answer 10

Inherited traits are determined by pairs of “factors”. These ‘factors’ segregate in the gametes, with one in each gamete
Btw. Factors are genes’

Question 11

Give example of homozygous

Using T and t

Answer 11

Alleles of the same

tt or tt

Question 12

Give example of heterozygous

Using T and t

Answer 12

2 differing alleles

Tt

Question 13

Purpose of punnett squares

Answer 13

To calculate probability of inheriting a particular trait

Question 14

Mendelian ratio for genotype

Answer 14

1:2:1

Question 15

Mendelian ratio for phenotype

Answer 15

3:1

Question 16

Define: allele

Answer 16

Variant form of gene