Mitosis Flashcards
Purpose of cell division
- Reproduction
- Growth
- Repair
What does mitosis result in?
2 identical daughtercells
- genetic information
- DNA
How many phases of the cell cycle are there?
4 phases
- g1 phase
- s-phase
- g2 phase
- m-phase
Definition: genome
Complete set of DNA in chromosomes
Define: somatic cells
How many chromosomes are present?
Body cells 46 chromosomes (one from each parent)
What happens in interphase?
- prepares fordivision
- growth
- copy DNA chromosomes
Describe/whathappens in prophase?
Centrioles with asters form spindles
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromosomes shorten and thicken
Prometaphase
Kintochore microtuble attach to kintochore
Metaphase
Centrosome(centrioles) on opposite ends
Equator
Anaphase
Sisterchromatid separate and move as kintachore microtubles pull
Nonkinetochones elongated cell
Telophase
Nucleoli reappear
Single strand chromosome
Cytokinesis
Splitting of cytoplasm
Clevage furrow forms
Define: cell-cycle
Cell’s life cycle and the different phases
How many chromosomes in human stomatic cell?
46 chromosomes
2 sets of 23
Define: gametes
Sex cells sperm and egg
How many chromosomes in human gamete?
23 chromosomes
How many DNA molecules in somatic cell?
46 DNA molecules
What regulates cell cycle?
Protein kinases and cyclins
Define: Protein kinases
Enzymes that activate and inactive proteins
Define: cyclin
Protein that controls the progression through the cell cycle
Function: MPF
Cyclin-cdk complex that triggers cell past G2 check point
Define growth factor
External signals that stimulate cells to divide
How do growth factors effect density- dependent inhibition?
Tells crowded cells to stop diverting
Define: anchorage dependence
Increase in proliferation by attaching to substratum
