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Dna > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Sexual reproduction
Production of gametes(spermandeggcells)
Cell division

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2
Q

Result of meiosis

A

4 unique haploid daughter cells

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3
Q

What is a diploid

A

2 sets of chromosomes

2n

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4
Q

Haploid cells what are they

A

One set of chromosomes (N)

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5
Q

What is the location of sex cells

A

Male-testies

Female-overies

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6
Q

Definition: homologous

A

Similar but not identical

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7
Q

When does crossing over occur

A

Prophase 1

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8
Q

Prophase 1

A

Synapis occurs as homologous chromosomes pair up each pair is a tetrad
Crossing over occurs to produce recombinant

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9
Q

Definition: recombinant

A

Variation, chromosomes that carry genes from 2 parents

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10
Q

Metaphase 1

A

Independent assortment: random orientation of chromosomes

Tetras line up at equator
Microtubles attach to kinetochores.

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11
Q

How many different diploid combinations are there?

A

64 trillion

2^23 x2

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12
Q

Anaphase 1

A

Homologous pair separate

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13
Q

Telophase 1

A

Haploid move to each sides of cell

Fully ready to be independent

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14
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Split cytoplasm

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15
Q

Result of meiosis 1

A

2 genetically different daughtercels

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16
Q

Prophase 2

A

Spindle form with recombinant chromosomes

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17
Q

Metaphase 2

A

Recombiant ( genetically different) chromosomes line up equator
Kinetochore attach to microtuble spindle

18
Q

Anaphase 2

A

Sister chromatids separate to opposite sides

19
Q

Telophase 2

A

Cytoplasm split to form 4 haploid daughter cells

20
Q

3 mechanisms contributing to genetic variation

A

Independent assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over
Random fertilization

21
Q

Define: genetic recombination

A

Variety and uniqueness through crossing over and random segregation

22
Q

What are the 2 types of chromosome alterations?

A
  1. Non-disjunction

2. Chromosome structure

23
Q

What’s non disjunction

A

Addition or subtraction of chromosomes due to separation failure

24
Q

What is trisomy 21?

A

Extra chromosome

Down’s syndrome

25
Q

Where does trisomy 21 occur?

A

21st chromosome

26
Q

What is Triploidy

A

The gamete is diploid

3n

27
Q

What is Polypioids?

A

More than 2 sets of chromosomes

28
Q

What are the 4 types of chromosome structure errors?

A

Deletion, duplication, inverse, translocation

29
Q

Deletion and give example

A

Remove a segment of chromosome
Miss genes
Cri du chat

30
Q

Duplication and example

A

Repeat segment

Eg. Chart Marie tooth disease

31
Q

Inverse and example

A

Reverse

Eg. Eg syndrome

32
Q

Translocation and example

A

Fragment of one c/s joins a non-homologous chromosome

Eg. Chronic myelegenous leukemia

33
Q

Define: gametogenesis

A

Production of gametes ( sperm and egg), atend of meiosis

34
Q

Define: spermatogensis

A

Process of male gamete (sperm) production normal meiosis)

35
Q

Define: Oogenesis

A

Production of eggs (gametes) in ovaries (unique process)

36
Q

Spermatogonium

A

An undifferentiated male germ cell

Diploid germ cell from which sperm are produced in testies

37
Q

Define: oogonium

A

A diploid cell where eggs are formed in ovaries

38
Q

Define: zygote

A

Fertilized egg

39
Q

3 ways genetic variation

A
  1. Independent assortment of chromosomes
  2. Crossing over
  3. Random fertilization
40
Q

Define: independent assortment of chromosomes

A

Random orientation of homologous pairs at metaphase 1,50%, 50% chance of maternal or paternal

41
Q

Define: crossing over

A

Predicting “recombiant” chromosomes

42
Q

Desire: random fertilization

A

The possibilities are over 64 trillions

Dna (7 decks)

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