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Protein Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

HB Type A

A

2 alpha and 2 beta chains

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2
Q

HB type A2

A

2 alpha and 2 delta chains

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3
Q

HB type F

A

two alpha and 2 gamma chains

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4
Q

HBf disappears by when

A

6 months

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5
Q

what weakens HBg grabs on O2

A

2,3 DPG

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6
Q

what drug wipeout the bone marrow and is used to treat Sickle Cell Anemia

A

hydroxyurea

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7
Q

pulse oximetry measures what

A

Sa02

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8
Q

ABG measures what

A

P02

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9
Q

when PaO2 is 60, saturation is

A

90%

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10
Q

when a muscle degenerates and creatine (CPK) leaks out what is it called?

A

myositis or polymiositis

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11
Q

common causes of myositis

A

hypothyroidism

Cushings

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12
Q

drugs that cause myositis

A

statins
steroids
rifampin
INH

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13
Q

infection that causes myositis

A

Trichenella Spiralis (raw bear ingestion)

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14
Q

when are blood cells made in the following?

  • yolk sac
  • liver, spleen, flat bone
  • long bones
A

4 moths
6 months gestation
8 months gestation

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15
Q

if you lose long bones what organ can reopen to make RBC

A

the spleen

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16
Q

when a baby is hypoxic due to delivery and the blood increases and the spleen has to remove the excess blood cells and jaundice occurs, what is the condition called

A

polycythemia vera

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17
Q

starting substrate in heme pathway

A

succinyl-Coa

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18
Q

rate limiting enzyme in heme synthesis

A

delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase

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19
Q

last enzyme in Heme synthesis that adds iron to porphyrin rings

A

ferrochetolase

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20
Q

vitamin needed for heme synthesis

A

b6

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21
Q

AA needed for heme synthesis

A

glycine

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22
Q

anabolic things (synthesis) happened where

A

cytoplasm

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23
Q

catabolic things (breakdown) happen where

A

mitochondria

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24
Q

what buffer the hemoglobin from protons

A

histadine

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25
decreased 02 saturation and normal pop is a marker for what two things
cyanide poisoning and methemoglobinemia
26
configurational change in HBg so that it cannot effectively bind to oxygen is seen in what condition t
cyanide posioing
27
tx for methemoglobinemia
methylene blue ( turns Fe3+ into FE2+)
28
drugs that cause metHBg
sulfa drugs INH metronidazole anti-malarias
29
MCC of cyanide positing
sodium nitroprusside ( used for HTN crisis)
30
4 tx steps for cyanide poisoning
- give amyl nitrate (turns iron into Fe3+) - give sodium thiosulfate (attaches to cyanide and pee out thiocyanate) - give B12 - methylene blue - transfuse
31
5 pathways that occur in both compartments
``` heme urea gluconeogenesis FA synthesis pyrimidine syhtnesis ```
32
good source of iron is where
MEAT
33
>40 age cause of anemia
mucosal bleeding
34
20-40 age for anemia
IBD
35
drug given for iron deficiency anemia
ferrous sulphate
36
ferritin is stored in ?
mucosal cells
37
acute phase reactant that inhibits transferrin from binding to iron
hepcidin
38
low TIBC
chronic disease iron deficiency anemia
39
high TIBC
iron deficiency anemia (intake)
40
lead inhibits what two enzymes in the Heme synthesis pathway
delta ALA dehydrates and ferrochetolase
41
why is basophilic stippling seen in lead poisoning
because of the porphyrin rings sticking to the blood vessels
42
what is it called when you cannot add iron to the porphyrin rings
lead poising
43
what test will be elevated in lead poisoning
Free Erythrocyte Protoporphyrins
44
oral drug used to treat lead poisoning if the level is around 10
Succimer
45
normal level of lead in body
46
what challenge can be done for patients with lead posing over 30 that will administer calcium and get ride of everything 2+ (aka chelator) so it will get rid of lead (pb2+)
CA-EDTA
47
what drug pulls lead out of plasma?
penecillamine
48
what drug pulls lead out of the bone marrow
dimercaprol (BAL)
49
6 drugs that cause Drug Induced Lupus
``` Hydrazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin Penicilamine Ethusuximide ```
50
red urine with a negative reading of RBC in dipstick is a sign of what in the system
excess porphyrin rings (porphyria)
51
autosomal dominant condition where the visceral organs and the neurons are crowded with porphyrin rings presenting with severe abdominal pain and nerupoathy?
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
52
4 things to administer to people with Acute Intermittent Porphyria
- opiate for pain - glucose to conjugate the bilirubin - give isotonic fluids to flush porphyrins out
53
what is the drug given to people with Acute Intermittent Porphyria that blocks the enzyme delta ala synthetase so porphyrin isn't made
Hemantin
54
condition where skin burns in contact with the sun and the child burns due to porphyrin in skin
Erythrocytic Protoporphyria
55
Erythrocytic Protoporphyria commonly die form what
skin infections with S. Aureus
56
pinpoint pupils are a key indication of
opitate use
57
3 main actions of opiates
CNS depressant muscle relaxent ( smooth muscle) analgesic
58
what is stimulated by opiates that causes the pinpoint pupils
Edinger-Westphal nucleus CN 3
59
receptors for opiates
Mu-brain | Kappa-spinal cord
60
what is formication
seen in alcohol withdrawal the sensation of insects crawling in your body seen in ALCOHOLISM WITHDRAWAL and COCAINE WITHDRAWAL
61
what is the most abused opiate on the streets
heroin
62
what opiate is long acting and has a lower chance of withdrawal
methadone
63
potent opiate that is used for anesthesia
fentanyl
64
IV treatment for opiate overdose
naloxone
65
oral treatment for opiate overdose
naltrexone
66
substitution of valine for glutamic acid at position 6 on the beta chain
sickle cell anemia
67
most common virus to cause aplastic anemia
parvovirus B 19
68
nuclear remnants that get removed from old RBC in spleen
Howell Jolly Bodies
69
three common encapsulated organisms removed by the spleen
s. pneumo hib meningococcus
70
which kind of sickle cell is usually asymptomatic
Hbg AS
71
substitution of lysine for glutamic acid at position 6 of the beta chain
Hbg C

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