Enzymes Flashcards
what binds to the active site of an enzyme
substrate ( competitive inhibitor)
what binds to the regulatory site of an enzyme
allosteric activator/inhibitor ( non competitive inhibitor)
Km = ?
1/affinity or 1/potency
Vmax is the same as ?
efficacy
what situation will you see Km increasing and Vmax staying the same
competitive inhibition
when do you see Km staying the same and Vmax decreasing
non competitive inhibition
phenoxybenzamine is a drug for what
pheochromocytoma
what are the most stable bonds in the body
carbon-carbon bonds
what happens to vmax as temperature rises
it rises at first until it gets to 42 degrees celsius then it starts to decrease due to the denaturation of the protein
what is the best way to cool someone off to avoid heat stroke
vaporized cool water
what is it called when an agent reduces another one and in turn becomes oxidized
reducing agent ( negative delta E)
what is it called when there is an agent that oxidizes another but gets reduced in return because it accepts electrons?
oxidizing agent ( positive delta E)
what is another name for complex 4
cytochrome oxidase
what is another name for co enzyme Q
ubiquinone
what does complex 4 need to work
heme,copper and O2
what complex is responsible for generating ATP and is called “ATP Synthetase”
complex 5
what inhibits coenzyme Q
statin durgs
ETC produces how many NADH ATP and FADH2 ATP
2.5 and 1.5
name the inhibitors for the following complexes: complex 1 complex2 complex 3 complex 4 complex 5
- Amytal and Rotenone
- Malonate
- Antimycin
- Co, CN, Chloramphenicol
- Oliomycin
how to treat CO posing
give O2
what bacteria does chloramphenicol cover
- all gram positive even S. Aureus
- simple gram neg ( E. Coli, H. Flue, and Proteus)
- Rickettsia
bad side affect of chloramphenicol
aplastic anemia (grey abby syndrome)
name the three uncouplers
DNP (Dinitrophenol) pesticide
Aspirin
Free Fatty Acids
microsteatosis is seen in what three situations ( denaturation of liver)
Reyes Syndrome
Pregnancy
Tylenol (acetaminophen) poisin
macrosteatosis is seen in what two situations
alcohol
obesity
what levels do you watch in reyes syndrome
ammonium
acetaminophen destroys what in the liver
sulfur groups and uncouples it
what phosphorylates a substrate by using ATP and magnesium
kinase
what phsophroylates a substrate with free phosphate (Pi)
phosphorylase
what create and isomer from the substrate ( same chemical makeup but different structure)
isomerase
what create and epimer from the substrate ( same chemical makeup and structure but different around one chiral carbon)
epimerase
what moves a side chain from one carbon to another carbon
mutase
what transfers a side chain from one substrate to another
transferase
what is involved in amino acid metabolism and use B6 as a cofactor
transaminases
what cuts carbon carbon bonds
lyase
what uses carbon dioxide to create a carbon carbon bond and needs biotin as a cofactor
carboxylase
what stacks substrates without breaking bonds and doesn’t use ATP
synthase
what stacks substrates without breaking bond but uses ATP
synthetase
what causes a loss of hydrogen
dehydrogenase
what uses water to break a bond
hydrolase “-ase”
what is always added onto a word when a sulfur bond is broken
thio
