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Pass Program > Neuromuscular > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Flashcards

1
Q

serotonin blocker used in the PNS and is an analogue to somatostatin

A

octreotide

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2
Q

serotonin blocker that treats serotonin syndrome by blocking its receptors in the CNS

A

ciproheptadine

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3
Q

ondansetron

A

serotonin blocker that helps stop vomiting

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4
Q

strychnine

A

poison that blocks glycine in the spinal cord

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5
Q

Donepezil

A

treats Alzheimers for a short time by blocking ACHesterase

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6
Q

memantine

A

Blocks the effects of glutamate in the NMDA pathway so that it isn’t inhibited (treats Alzehimers too)

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7
Q

Promethazine

A

Dopamine blocker

antiemetic drug for kids

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8
Q

Perchlorperazine

A

Dopamine Blocker

antiemetic drug for adults

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9
Q

Capzacin

A

block that blocks Substance P and is found in chill papers

- increases the threshold for pain

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10
Q

nitric oxide is made from what

A

L-arginine

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11
Q

treatment for organophosphate poisoning

A

Atropine

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12
Q

hemicholinum

A

takes the place of choline so you cannot make acetylcholine and causes sympathetic effects

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13
Q

Benztropine

A

anticholinergic used in dystonia patients (strained muscle contraction) can also maybe be used for Parkinsons

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14
Q

scopalamine

A

used for motion sickness

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15
Q

ipartropium and tiatropiu

A

two drugs used when the patient has obstructive lung disease, they both block CGMP

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16
Q

oxybutynin

A

used for incontinence in adults

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17
Q

Cisapride

A

serotonin agonist used to treat GERD

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18
Q

methysergide

A

treats migrant headaches by causing vasoconstriction

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19
Q

tergesteride

A

treats migrant headaches by causing vasoconstriction

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20
Q

metoclopramide

A

serotonin agonist but also a dopamine blocker that can cause parkinson in patients

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21
Q

pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist used to treat glaucoma and as a sweat test for CF

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22
Q

bethanocol

A

cholinergic agonist for post op UTI

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23
Q

carbachol

A

post op tx for UTI

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24
Q

Phenylphrine

A

drug of choice for neurogenic shock

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25
Q

phentolamine

A

short acting drug used to diagnose Pheochromocytoma by blocking alpha receptors and BP will drop

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26
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

treatment for pheochromocytoma

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27
Q

yohimbine

A

used for erectile disfunction before viagra

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28
Q

prazosin

A

treats HTN only and has first dose syncope because it vasodialtes very quickly

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29
Q

terazosin

A

first line for BPH

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30
Q

Doxazosin

A

Fist line for BPH

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31
Q

cocaine

A

blocks the reuptake of catecholamines

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32
Q

Amphetamines

A

promote the release of catecholamines

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33
Q

ammonium chloride

A

treats amphetamine overdose

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34
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 receptor agonist that is used for behavioral problems and HTN.
- a major side affect is rebound HTN if stop taking it

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35
Q

Alpha Methyldopa

A

drug of choice for HTN in pregnant women

-methyl group doesn’t cross placenta, BUT it can cause autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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36
Q

Nonspecific beta agonist (2)

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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37
Q

what receptors are found in the lungs and are responsible for bronchodialation

A

Beta 2

38
Q

receptors that controls the conversion of T4-T3 in the liver

A

beta 2

39
Q

Albuterol

A

first line for asthma and COPD

40
Q

Terbutaline

A

first line for asthma and COPD

41
Q

Ritodrine and Terbutaline

A

used for preterm labor

42
Q

Salmeterol and Fometerol

A

long acting beta 2 agonist that get combined with steroids to treat asthma

43
Q

propanolol

A

longest acting beta blocker

44
Q

esmolol

A

shortest acting beta blocker and used by anesthesiologist because during induction someone’s BP can rapidly raise

45
Q

Timolol and Pindolol

A

used for open angle glaucoma

46
Q

sotalol

A

only beta blocker that can block potassium channels but can widen QT interval

47
Q

nabivolol

A

B blocker that has smooth muscle relaxant effects

48
Q

Labetolol and Carvedilol

A

alpha an beta blockers and can treat pheochromocytoma, hypeternsive cirrus when sodium nitroprusside isn’t avaiblabe.
- used in pregnant women with hypertensive crisis

49
Q

Atenolol and pinadalol are special why

A

because they blocker beta receptors but they have partial agonist affect good to treat diabetics who have had a heart attack or patients with COPD

50
Q

Reserpine

A

used to treat HTN by blocking the vesicle formation of catecholamines

51
Q

Guanethidine

A

taken up presynaptically and makes catecholamines be released without their vesicles so that MAO can break them down, UDE is HTN

52
Q

drug that blocks calcium because it blocks all things 2+ and treats lead poisoning and copper posing

A

penicillamine

53
Q

chelator used for lead poisoning that has the same affect as penicillamine

A

EDTA

54
Q

what toxin blocks the release of glycine from the spinal cord causing strong muscle contractions

A

tetanus

55
Q

Leriche Syndrome

A

70% stenosis of the aorta-illiac arteries and causes claudication in the butt due to interference with the pudendal arteries

56
Q

CPK is found in what part of the sarcomere

A

M line

57
Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy presents with what heart sound

A

S3

58
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presents with what heart sound

A

S4

59
Q

what is the only loop diuretic that will not cause permemnant hearing loss

A

Furosemide

60
Q

Dobutamine

A

pure beta 1 agonist that will increase HR

61
Q

drug that vasodialates the kidney and GI arteries as well as inreasesing HR is

A

dopamine , feldopam

62
Q

what can lead to digitalis toxicity since it stops the sodium potassium pump and keeps calcium in and why

A

Hypercalcemia, becuase there will be an insane amount of calcium in the cell and it will damage the lysosomes and cause cell death

63
Q

two treatments for digitalis toxicity (antidotes)

A

Digibind and Digifab

64
Q

Conavaptan and Tolvaptan

A

drugs that block ADH

65
Q

main parasite that can cause myositis

A

Trichinella Spiralis

66
Q

only myopathy that has a rash that looks like a helicopter rash that can be on the hand or the eyelid “Gorton Sign”

A

Dermatomyositis

67
Q

what should yu rule out of someone has dermatomyositis

A

colon cancer

68
Q

when muscle insertions hurt and occurs when you move your muscles

A

fibrositis

69
Q

patients with fibromyalgia have a high incidence of what

A

temporal arteritis

70
Q

patient has weak shoulder girdle and difficult reaching things over their head

A

fibromyalgia rheumatica

71
Q

beckers muscular dystrophy has what genetic problem

A

missence mutation

72
Q

myotonic dystrophy?

A

increased muscle tone that leads to degeneration of muscle over time. Intense face features “Birds beak sign”

73
Q

myotonic dystrophy has what genetic problem

A

tri nucleotide repeats

74
Q

attack on peripheral nerves and will eventually cause muscles to atrophy and has ascending paralysis is what

A

Gillian Barre

75
Q

leading pathogen to cause Guillian Barree

A

Campylobacter jejunii

76
Q

glove and stocking distribution of neuropathy due to deposition of sorbitol

A

diabetic neuropathy

77
Q

someone with problems in two point discrimination, conscious proprioception, and vibration (doral column attacked) and shooting stabbing pain. The pupils in these people accommodate but are slow to react (Argyll Robertson pupil)

A

Syphillis

78
Q

in 49% of cases Myasthenia Gravis is due to

A

thymoma

79
Q

drug that diagnosis MG

A

edrophoneum

80
Q

Lamber Eaton syndrome is usually due to what

A

small cell cancer of the lung

81
Q

small cell cancer of the lung poisoning the sarcoplasmic reticulum so that calcium is sequestered slowly and causes increased contraction as the sy goes on?

A

Lambert Eaton Syndrome

82
Q

tx for organophosphate (ACHesterase Inhibitor) poison

A

Atropine

83
Q

Glycopyrollate

A

used to clear up pulmonary secretions before surgery

84
Q

fasiculaitons seen in a newborn with congenital anterior horn degneration

A

Wedding Hoffman Disease

85
Q

middle aged woman with vision problems and antibodies to her own myelin and has trigeminal neuralgia

A

Multiple Sclerosis

86
Q

5-10 year old child with deymlination of neurons and deficient in arylsulphatase

A

Metachromatic Leukodystrophy

87
Q

asymmetrical paralysis that follows 2 weeks after gastroenteritis with the virus hiding in the dorsal root ganglion

A

Polio

88
Q 
kids 5-10
telangiectasis all over the body (spider)
IgA deficiency
DNA breakage repair problems
increased risk for skin cancer
A

Ataxia Telangiectasia

89
Q

kids 5-10

increased incidence of Retinits Pigemntosa, Scoliosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Fredrich Ataxia

90
Q 
kids 5-10
Carnitine Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency
x-linked
involves cortical white matter
adrenal gland failure
A

Adrenoleukodystrophy

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