Protein structure and function Flashcards
What group defines the amino acid
The R group
What is a primary structure
Sequence or a chain of amino acids - determines function and form
What is a secondary structure
twists and arrangements of the primary structure 2D
what is Tertiary Structure
the 3D folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions
What is Quaternary protein
This is when multiple amino acid (proteins) fold into a multi subunit complex.
What is a competitive enzyme inhibition
It is an inhibitor, it binds to the active site
Compete with the substrate on reaching the active site
Allosteric inhibition
inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site - so substrate is already attached.
Two major strategies for enzyme production
rational design - site specific mutagenesis
Directed evolution - random method that incorporates screening proteins of interest.
What is autocrine signalling
A cell targets itself
Across a gap junction
A cell targets a cell connected by the gap junction - for autocrine
what is Paracrine signalling
a cell targets nearby cells by releasing chemical signals
What is endocrine signaling
A cell targets a distant cell through the blood stream - chemical signal sent through there.
Describe action potential
Stimulus causes the sodium gate to open, then Na rushes into the cell and causes depolarization. increases voltage causes potassium to open and sodium gate to close K moves out. potential decreases and releases excess energy. restore to normal.
There are 4 types of tissue, what are they
Epithelial - covers exterior and interior surfaces
Connective - binds cells and organs together
Muscle - contractive tissue that gives movement
Nervous - starts and spread electrical signal
what are the types of muscle cells that contract and pump blood
skeletal, cardiac and smooth cells.
What is the innate immune system
on a surface, dendritic cells present antigens.
What cells are in the Adaptive immune system
T cells: destroys cells that have been infected
B cells: makes antibodies to attack pathogens that have not yet infected the cell.
Some are memory cells.
