Protein structure and enzymes (2.9–2.10) Flashcards
What is the basic structure of an amino acid?
How does a polypeptide chain form?
Amino acid monomers linked by peptide bonds in a condensation reaction.
What bonds are involved in a proteins primary structure?
Peptide bonds
What bonds are involved in the secondary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonds
What bonds are involved in the tertiary structure of proteins?
- Ionic bonds
- Disulphide bonds
- Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
What is the structure of globular proteins?
Round, compact proteins made up of multiple polypeptide chains.
Chains coiled up so hydrophobic are inside and hydrophilic are inside.
Soluble so easily transported in fluids.
What is the structure of fibrous proteins?
Fibrous protein’s are made up of long insoluble polypeptide chains that are tightly coiled to form a rope shape.
Lots of bonds so very strong
As strong often found in supportive tissue.
What is haemoglobin?
Globular protein made of 4 polypeptide chains. Carries oxygen around the body in the blood. It’s soluble, so can be easily transported. Iron containing haem groups that bind to oxygen.
What is collagen?
Strong, fibrous protein that forms connective tissue in animals.
What makes enzymes specific?
Active site which has a specific shape.
What are enzymes?
Biological catalysts that reduce activation energy.
How do enzymes reduce activation energy?
If two substrates need to be joined being attached to the enzyme joins them together, reducing the repulsion.
If causing a breakdown fitting into the active site puts a strain on bonds in the substrate so the substrate molecule breaks up more easily.
What are intracellular enzymes?
catalyse reactions inside cells
What are extracellular enzymes?
Produced and secreted by cell to catalyse reactions outside of cells.
