Photosynthesis (5.5–5.9) Flashcards
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is the overall aim of photosynthesis
to split apart the strong bonds in water molecules, storing the hydrogen in a fuel (glucose) by combining it with carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
How is energy stored in ATP
ADP + Phosphate ion join together forming ATP in water. To make ATP the phosphate ion must be separated from the water molecule which requires energy.
What is it called when ADP and phosphate join together?
Phosphorylation
What is it called when ADP and phosphate break apart?
Hydrolysis
How is energy released from ATP in water?
The 3rd phosphate ion becomes hydrated forming bonds with the surrounding water molecules. In which lots of energy is released.
What is the structure of ATP
adenine, ribose, 3 phosphate groups
Where does the light dependent reaction take place?
Thylakoid membranes
Explain the stages of the light dependant reaction
1 -Light energy is absorbed by PS11 the light
-energy excites electrons in chlorophyll
-electrons move to a higher energy level
-these higher energy electrons move along the electron transport chain to PS1.
2 -As the electrons move along the electron transport chain, they must be replaced.
-Light energy splits water into protons, electrons and oxygen. In photolysis.
3 -Excited electrons lose energy as they move along the electron transport chain.
-This energy is used to transport protons unto the thylakoids so the thylakoids has a higher concentration of protons. the protons move down via ATP synthase which forms ATP.
4 -Electrons transferred to NADP along with proton to form reduced NADP.
What is used in the light independent reactions
carbon dioxide
What happens in the Calvin cycle
-CO2 combines with 5C compound RuBP and is catalysed by Rubisco -The 6C compound formed is unstable so breaks down into 2 GP molecules -GP is reduced using the hydrogen from reduced NADP and energy stored in ATP into GALP -2/12 GALPs formed create a 6C su
What are the products of the light independent reaction used for?
They are used by plants and animals in respiration and in the synthesis of new biological molecules eg polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids.
What is the role of the outer membrane in a chloroplast?
permeable to CO2 and H2O
What is the role of the inner membrane in a chloroplast?
Regulate the passage of substances
What is the role of the stroma in a chloroplast?
light independent reaction occurs here
