protein structure

Question 1

amino acids

Answer 1

proteins are made from a specific sequence of amino acids

Question 2

primary structure

Answer 2

amino acids are joined by polypeptide bonds, many amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide chain, this sequence of amino acids is called the primary structure

Question 3

secondary structure

Answer 3

polypeptide molecules twist into a helix or folded shape, the shape is stabilised by hydrogen bonds between peptide groups

Question 4

tertiary structure

Answer 4

polypeptide chains fold due to attractions and repulsions between non-adjacent amino acid side chains

Question 5

quaternary structure

Answer 5

is more than one polypeptide molecule

Question 6

disulphide bonds

Answer 6

covalent linkages between sulfur containing side chains of cyteines and are very strong helping to stabilize the tertiary structure

Question 7

why the 3D shape of proteins is critical

Answer 7

the shape of proteins create regions that interact with other molecules in a cell, the shape of the protein is complementary to the shape of its target molecule. The shape allows for two molecules to interact with high specificity

Question 8

peptide hormones

Answer 8

example of protein, hormones regulate physiology and behaviour in a multicellular organism by facilitating communication between cells

Question 9

peptide hormone and their shape purpose

Answer 9

the hormones bind to receptor proteins in the membrane and cytoplasm of target cells. The shape of the receptor protein is complementary to the shape of the hormone

Question 10

antibody

Answer 10

provide protection against pathogens by binding to and neutralizing molecules called antigens found on the surface of pathogens

Question 11

antibody and its shape importance

Answer 11

the shape of an antibody is complementary to the shape of an antigen