Protein metabolism Flashcards
Amino acids are typically composed of these two parts
the alpha amino end and the carboxyl end
Name the amino acids we need to memorize
P- phenylalanine
V- valine
T - threonine
T- tryptophan
I- isoleucine
M - methionine
H- histidine
A - arginine
L - leucine
L- lysine
What happens to glucogenic amino acids
converted to the krebs cycle intermediates and converted to glucose (gluconeogenesis)
What are the 5 glucogenic amino acids
- Glycine
- Alanine
- Threonine
- Cystine
- Methionine
GAT CM
What happens to ketogenic amino acids?
they are converted to acetyl coA -> ketones
What are the 2 ketogenic amino acids?
leucine and lysine
What are the anabolic uses of metabolized protein (5)
- synthesis of nonessential amino acids
- tissue protein synthesis
- enzyme/hormone synthesis
- deamination
- transamination
What is the main site of amino acid metabolism?
The liver
Does the body store amino acids that are not needed?
No
How many ATP does it take to form a single peptide bond during protein synthesis?
20 ATP
What is the average rate of turnover of proteins in the body
proteins are being constantly turned over
in one year all proteins turn over
in 60 days, all muscle turns over
in 20 days, the entire GI tract turns over
deamination
the breaking down of a protein into a NH3 (ammonia) and its carbon skeleton
What happens to NH3 (ammonia) after deamination?
it is converted into urea (1 carbon, 2 ammonias)
What is the structure of urea?
one carbon and two NH2s
Aside from being converted to urea, what can also happen to NH3?
It can be recycled into other amino acids
