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Home ec. > Protein,fats, Carbohydrates,vitamins And Minerals > Flashcards

Protein,fats, Carbohydrates,vitamins And Minerals Flashcards

0
Q

What are amino acids joined together with?

A

Amino acids are joined together with peptide links.

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1
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Proteins are made up of amino acids

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2
Q

What elements does protein contain?

A

Protein contains the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Nitrogen is needed for growth.

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3
Q

How is protein classified?

A

High biological value protein (animal sources) and low biological value protein (plant sources)

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4
Q

Name 4 sources of high biological protein.

A

Meat, fish, cheese, eggs etc.

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5
Q

Name 4 sources of low biological value protein

A

Peas, beans, nuts, pasta etc.

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6
Q

What are the biological functions of protein?

A

Growth,
Repair of cells,
Production of hormones, enzymes and antibodies,
Gives us energy and heats our body.

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7
Q

How are lipids/fats made up?

A

Lipids/fats are made up of 1 glycerol unit joined to 3 fatty acid units.

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8
Q

What elements do fats contain?

A

Fats contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

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9
Q

How are fats classified?

A

Fats are classified in saturated fats (animal sources) and unsaturated fats ( plant sources)

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10
Q

Name 4 sources of saturated fats.

A

Milk, cheese, meat, butter etc.

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11
Q

Name 4 sources if unsaturated fats.

A

Oil, oily fish, nuts and seeds etc.

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12
Q

List the biological functions of fat

A

Gives us heat and energy,
Insulates us,
Protects delicate organs in the body,
We get fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K from fats

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13
Q

How can you reduce fat intake?

A

Grill,bake,boil or microwave instead of frying,
Cut visible fats off meat,
Use low dat foods,
Cut down on fatty foods such as chocolate,crisps, chips etc.

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14
Q

How are carbohydrates made up?

A

Carbohydrates are nard up of 2 or more simple sugars joined together. Glucose us a simple sugar unit.

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15
Q

How are carbohydrates classified?

A

Carbohydrates are classified in sugar, starch and fibre

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16
Q

List the biological functions of carbohydrates

A

Provides heat and energy,
Fibre rich foods fill you up,
Fibre helps prevent constipation and other bowel problems.

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17
Q

How would you increase fibre intake?

A

Eat more whole meal cereals like brown bread,b pasta, b rice instead of white
Eat high fibre breakfast cereals
Eat more fruit and vegetables,
Eat more nuts and seeds

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18
Q

How would you reduce sugar intake?

A

Eat non-sugary breakfast cereals
Choose reduced sugar jams and jellies
Use sweeteners in tea/coffee instead of sugar
If eating canned fruit make sure it’s in its own juice not syrup

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19
Q

How are vitamins classified?

A

Vitamins are classified by water soluble and fat soluble

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20
Q

Name 2 water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamins B and C

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21
Q

Name 4 fat soluble vitamins

A

A,D,E and K

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22
Q

What are the functions of vitamin B?

A

Needed for healthy nervous system, growth and to release energy from food

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23
Q

What are the sources of vitamin B?

A

Meat, fish, cheese and eggs

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24
Q

What are the deficiency diseases of vitamin B?

A

Beri-beri and pellagra

25
Q

What are the functions of vitamin C?

A

Needed for good general health,
Healthy skin and gums,
Helps absorb iron
Helps make connective tissue, which can help heal wounds

26
Q

What are the sources of vitamin C?

A

Fresh fruit and vegetables

27
Q

What is the vitamin C deficiency disease?

A

Scurvy

28
Q

Name ways to prevent loss of vitamin C

A

Buy fresh fruit and veg, not wilted
Use fruit and veg when fresh, don’t buy them a week before use
Eat veg soon after they are cooked, they lose vitamin C if they are kept warm for a long time
Don’t use bread soda to brighten the colour of veg, this destroys vitamin C

29
Q

What are the functions of vitamin D?

A

Works with calcium to make strong bones and teeth

30
Q

What are the sources of vitamin D?

A

Sunshine, oily fish, eggs, cheese and cod liver oil

31
Q

What are the deficiency diseases of vitamin D?

A

Rickets, osteoporosis and tooth decay

32
Q

What are the functions of vitamin A?

A

Growth
Healthy eyes
Healthy skin
Healthy lining tissue in the nose and throat

33
Q

What are the sources of vitamin A?

A

Fish liver oil, oily fish, eggs, milk and carrots

34
Q

What are the deficiency diseases of vitamin A?

A

Slowed growth,
lining of nose and throat becoming dry and irritated
Night blindness

35
Q

What are the functions of vitamin K?

A

Helps blood to clot

36
Q

What are the sources if vitamin K?

A

Cod liver oil, cabbage, spinach, and cauliflower

37
Q

What is the deficiency disease of vitamin K?

A

Blood clots slowly or not at all

38
Q

What the functions of vitamin E?

A

Acts as an antioxidant which are thought to reduce the appearance if ageing and the incidence of cancer and coronary heart disease

39
Q

What are the sources of vitamin E?

A

Eggs, nuts, cereals, sunflower seeds

40
Q

What is the deficiency disease of vitamin E?

A

Rare

41
Q

What are the 6 minerals?

A

Iron, calcium,fluorine,iodine, phosphorous and sodium

42
Q

What is the function of iron?

A

Needed to make haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is found in red blood cells and is needed to bring oxygen around the body to give us energy

43
Q

What is the deficiency disease of iron?

A

When the body does not get enough iron it gets tired, weak and run down. This eventually leads to anaemia.

44
Q

How is iron classified and give 2 examples

A

Sources e.g. Red meat and offal and sources that need vitamin C e.g. Eggs and green vegetables

45
Q

What us the function of calcium?

A

To build strong bones and teeth

46
Q

What are sources of calcium?

A

Milk, cheese, yoghurt and tinned fish

47
Q

What are the deficiency diseases of calcium?

A

Rickets, osteoporosis and tooth decay

48
Q

What us the function of fluorine?

A

Healthy teeth

49
Q

What are the sources of fluorine?

A

Drinking water, toothpaste and fish

50
Q

What is the deficiency of fluorine?

A

Tooth decay

51
Q

What is the function of iodine?

A

Needed for a healthy thyroid gland

52
Q

What are the sources of iodine?

A

Seaweed, cereals, milk and sea fish

53
Q

What is the deficiency of iodine?

A

Goitre

54
Q

What us the function of phosphorus?

A

Works with calcium for strong bones and teeth

55
Q

What are the sources of phosphorus?

A

Milk, fish, cheese, and eggs

56
Q

What is the deficiency if phosphorus?

A

Rare

57
Q

What us the function of sodium?

A

Controls water balance in the body

58
Q

What are the sources of sodium?

A

Table salt, bacon, cheese, crisps and tuc biscuits

59
Q

What is the deficiency if sodium?

A

Muscular cramps

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