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clin chem ciulla prt 1 > protein and tumor markers > Flashcards

protein and tumor markers Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are the
three major biochemical compounds of
human metabolism. What is the element
that distinguishes proteins from carbohydrate and lipid compounds?
A. Carbon
B. Hydrogen
C. Oxygen
D. Nitrogen

A

D

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2
Q

Proteins may become denatured when
subjected to mechanical agitation, heat,
or extreme chemical treatment. How are
proteins affected by denaturation?

A. Alteration in primary structure
B. Alteration in secondary structure
C. Alteration in tertiary structure
D. Increase in solubility

A

C

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3
Q

What is the basis for the Kjeldahl technique for the determination of serum
total protein?
A. Quantification of peptide bonds
B. Determination of the refractive index of proteins
C. Ultraviolet light absorption by aromatic rings at 280 nm
D. Quantification of the nitrogen content of protein

A

D

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4
Q

When quantifying serum total proteins, upon what is the intensity of the color produced in the biuret reaction dependent?
A. Molecular weight of the protein
B. Acidity of the medium
C. Number of peptide bonds
D. Nitrogen content of the protein

A

C

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5
Q

Which of the following reagents can be
used to measure protein in cerebrospinal
fluid?
A. Biuret
B. Coomassie brilliant blue
C. Ponceau S
D. Bromcresol green

A

B

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6
Q

Which disorder is not associated with an
elevated protein level in cerebrospinal
fluid?
A. Bacterial meningitis
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Cerebral infarction
D. Hyperthyroidism

A

D

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7
Q

Which term describes a congenital disorder that is characterized by a split in the albumin band when serum is subjected
to electrophoresis?
A. Analbuminemia
B. Anodic albuminemia
C. Prealbuminemia
D. Bisalbuminemia

A

D

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8
Q

In what condition would an increased
level of serum albumin be expected?
A. Malnutrition
B. Acute inflammation
C. Dehydration
D. Renal disease

A

C

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9
Q

Identification of which of the following
is useful in early stages of glomerular
dysfunction?
A. Microalbuminuria
B. Ketonuria
C. Hematuria
D. Urinary light chains

A

A

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10
Q

Which of the following is a low-weight
protein that is found on the cell surfaces of
nucleated cells?
A. C-reactive protein
B. B2-Microglobulin
C. Ceruloplasmin
D. G^-Macroglobulin

A

B

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11
Q

Which glycoprotein binds with hemoglobin
to facilitate the removal of hemoglobin by
the reticuloendothelial system?
A. Haptoglobin
B. Ceruloplasmin
C. cxpAntitrypsin
D. Fibrinogen

A

A

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12
Q

In a healthy individual, which protein
fraction has the greatest concentration in
serum?
A. Alphai-globulin
B. Beta-globulin
C. Gamma-globulin
D. Albumin

A

D

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13
Q

Which of the following is an anionic dye
that binds selectively with albumin?
A. Amido black
B. Ponceau S
C. Bromcresol green
D. Coomassie brilliant blue

A

C

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14
Q

Which total protein method requires
copper sulfate, potassium iodide in
sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium
tartrate in its reagent system?
A. Kjeldahl
B. Biuret
C. Folin-Ciocalteu
D. Ultraviolet absorption

A

B

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15
Q

Which of the following plasma proteins is
not manufactured by the liver?
A. Albumin
B. Haptoglobin
C. Fibrinogen
D. IgG

A

D

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16
Q

There are five immunoglobulin classes:
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. With which
globulin fraction do these immunoglobulins migrate electrophoretically?
A. Alphapglobulins
B. Alpha2-globulins
C. Betapglobulins
D. Gamma-globulins

A

D

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17
Q

Of the five immunoglobulin classes, IgG is
the most structurally simple, consisting of
how many light chains/heavy chains,
respectively?
A. 5/2
B. 1/1
C. 2/5
D. 2/2

A

D

18
Q

Which immunoglobulin class, characterized by its possession of a secretory
component, is found in saliva, tears,
and body secretions?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgG
D. IgM

A

A

19
Q

Which immunoglobulin class is able to cross
the placenta from the mother to the fetus?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgG

A

D

20
Q

Which of the following is an acute-phase
reactant protein able to inhibit enzymatic
proteolysis and having the highest
concentration of any of the plasma
proteolytic inhibitors?
A. C-reactive protein
B. Haptoglobin
C. a2-Macroglobulin
D. a1-Antitrypsin

A

D

21
Q

Which of the following is a copper
transport protein that migrates as an
alpha2-globulin?
A. Ceruloplasmin
B. Haptoglobin
C. Transferrin
D. Fibrinogen

A

A

22
Q

Which of the following proteins is
normally produced by the fetus but is
found in increased amounts in the
amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida?
A. a1-Antitrypsin
B. ai-Acid glycoprotein
C. a1-Fetoprotein
D. a2-Macroglobulin

A

C

23
Q

The physician is concerned that a pregnant
patient may be at risk for delivering prematurely. What would be the best biochemical marker to measure to assess the situation?
A. Inhibin A
B. a1-Fetoprotein
C. Fetal fibronectin
D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

A

C

24
Q

Bence Jones proteinuria is a condition
characterized by the urinary excretion of
what type of light chain?
A. Kappa light chains
B. Lambda light chains
C. Both kappa and lambda light chains
D. Either kappa or lambda light chains

A

D

25
Q

Which of the following is not characteristic of multiple myeloma?
A. Monoclonal band in the gamma region
B. Hypercalcemia
C. Hyperalbuminemia
D. Hyperglobulinemia

A

C

26
Q

What technique is used to quantify
specific immunoglobulin classes?
A. Immunonephelometry
B. Serum protein electrophoresis
C. Isoelectric focusing
D. Immunoelectrophoresis

A

A

27
Q

Portal cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the
liver. As observed on an electrophoretic
serum protein pattern, what is a predominant characteristic of this disease?
A. Monoclonal band in the gamma-globulin region
B. Polyclonal band in the gamma-globulin region
C. Bridging effect between the beta- and
gamma-globulin bands
D. Increase in the alpha2-globulin band

A

C

28
Q

The abnormal metabolism of several of the
amino acids has been linked with disorders
classified as inborn errors of metabolism.
What technique is used to differentiate
among several different amino acids?
A. Electrophoresis
B. Microbiological analysis
C. Enzyme immunoassay
D. Chromatography

A

D

29
Q

Serum protein electrophoresis is routinely
performed on the serum obtained from a
clotted blood specimen. If a plasma
specimen is substituted for serum, how
will the electrophoresis be affected?
A. Electrophoresis cannot be performed
because the anticoagulant will
retard the mobilities of the protein
fractions.
B. Electrophoresis cannot be performed
because the anticoagulant will cause
migration of the protein fractions in
the direction of the cathode.
C. Electrophoresis will show an
extra fraction in the beta-gamma
region.
D. Electrophoresis will show an
extra fraction in the prealbumin
area.

A

C

30
Q

In serum protein electrophoresis, when a
barbital buffer of pH 8.6 is employed,
what protein fraction will migrate the
fastest toward the anode?
A. Albumin
B. Alpha!-globulin
C. Beta-globulin
D. Gamma-globulin

A

A

31
Q

In which of the following disorders would
the maternal serum level of a1-fetoprotein
not be elevated?
A. Neural tube defect
B. Spinabifida
C. Fetal distress
D. Down syndrome

A

D

32
Q

A male patient, 48 years old, mentions
during his annual physical that he has
been having difficulty urinating. The
physician performs a rectal examination,
and he orders a total prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) and free PSA. The patient
has the tests done the following week, and
the total PSA result is 3.1 ng/mL and the
free PSA is 0.3 ng/mL. What do these
results suggest?
A. Both are normal, no disease present
B. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
C. Increased risk of prostate cancer
D. Free PSA is low and does not correlate
with total PSA

A

C

33
Q

Which of the following is not associated
with carcinoembryonic antigen?
A. Increased levels seen with malignancies of the lungs
B. Quantified by using capillary
electrophoresis
C. Used to monitor treatment of colon
cancer
D. Glycoprotein in nature

A

B

34
Q

In cases of hepatoma, which protein not
normally found in adult serum is synthesized by liver cells?
A. a1-Acid glycoprotein
B. a1-Fetoprotein
C. a2-Macroglobulin
D. Carcinoembryonic antigen

A

B

35
Q

Which of the following is false about PSA?
A. Serum quantified using immunoassays
B. Single-chain glycoprotein
C. Used as a tumor marker
D. Not elevated in benign prostatic
hyperplasia

A

D

36
Q

Which of the following is an oncofetal
antigen that is elevated in nonmucinous
epithelial ovarian cancer?
A. CA549
B. CA 125
C. CA 19-9
D. CA 15-3

A

B

37
Q

Which of the following is a sialylated
Lewis blood group antigen associated with
colorectal carcinoma?
A. CA 19-9
B. CA 15-3
C. CA549
D. CEA

A

A

38
Q

Which of the following disorders is not
associated with an elevation of serum
a1-fetoprotein?
A. Testicular germ cell tumors
B. Prostatic carcinoma
C. Pancreatic carcinoma
D. Gastric carcinoma

A

B

39
Q

Which of the following is not associated
with human chorionic gonadotropin?
A. (3 subunit confers immunogenic
specificity
B. Used to confirm pregnancy
C. Used as a tumor marker
D. Found in hepatoma

A

D

40
Q

Although serum elevations are not
generally seen in early stages, which of
the following tumor markers are elevated
in more advanced stages of breast cancer?
A. CEA and AFP
B. AFP and C A 125
C. PSA and CA 15-3
D. CA 15-3 and CA 549

A

D

clin chem ciulla prt 1 (4 decks)

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