lipids and lipoproteins Flashcards by HAN MAC

Bile acids that are synthesized in the liver
are derived from what substance?
A. Bilirubin
B. Fatty acid
C. Cholesterol
D. Triglyceride

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The turbid, or milky, appearance of serum
after fat ingestion is termed postprandial
lipemia, which is caused by the presence
of what substance?
A. Bilirubin
B. Cholesterol
C. Chylomicron
D. Phospholipid

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Cholesterol ester is formed through the
esterification of the alcohol cholesterol
with what substance?
A. Protein
B. Triglyceride
C. Fatty acid
D. Digitonin

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Which of the following tests would most
likely be included in a routine lipid profile?
A. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, fatty
acid, chylomicron
B. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL
cholesterol, phospholipid
C. Triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL
cholesterol, chylomicron
D. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL
cholesterol, LDL cholesterol

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To produce reliable results, when should
blood specimens for lipid studies be
drawn?
A. Immediately after eating
B. Anytime during the day
C. In the fasting state, approximately 2 to
4 hours after eating
D. In the fasting state, approximately 9 to
12 hours after eating

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Which of the following lipid tests is least
affected by the fasting status of the
patient?
A. Cholesterol
B. Triglyceride
C. Fatty acid
D. Lipoprotein

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What compound is a crucial intermediary
in the metabolism of triglyceride to form
energy?
A. Bile
B. Acetyl-coenzyme A
C. Acetoacetate
D. Pyruvate

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The kinetic methods for quantifying
serum triglyceride employ enzymatic
hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of triglyceride
may be accomplished by what enzyme?
A. Amylase
B. Leucine aminopeptidase
C. Lactate dehydrogenase
D. Lipase

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Enzymatic methods for the determination
of total cholesterol in serum utilize a
cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase method. In
this method, cholesterol oxidase reacts
specifically with what?
A. Free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester
B. Free cholesterol and fatty acid
C. Free cholesterol only
D. Cholesteryl ester only

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Exogenous triglycerides are transported in
the plasma in what form?
A. Phospholipids
B. Cholesteryl esters
C. Chylomicrons
D. Free fatty acids

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Ketone bodies are formed because of an
excessive breakdown of fatty acids. Of the
following metabolites, which may be
classified as a ketone body?
A. Pyruvic acid
B. (3-Hydroxybutyric acid
C. Lactic acid
D. Oxaloacetic acid

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Which of the following is most associated
with the membrane structure of nerve
tissue?
A. Cholesterol
B. Triglyceride
C. Phospholipids
D. Sphingolipids

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Each lipoprotein fraction is composed of
varying amounts of lipid and protein
components. The beta-lipoprotein fraction
consists primarily of which lipid?
A. Fatty acid
B. Cholesterol
C. Phospholipid
D. Triglyceride

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What substance is the precursor to all
steroid hormones?
A. Fatty acid
B. Cholesterol
C. Triglyceride
D. Phospholipid

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The term “lipid storage diseases” is used
to denote a group of lipid disorders, the
majority of which are inherited as
autosomal recessive mutations. What is
the cause of these diseases?
A. Excessive dietary fat ingestion
B. Excessive synthesis of chylomicrons
C. A specific enzyme deficiency or
nonfunctional enzyme form
D. An inability of adipose tissue to store
lipid materials

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Several malabsorption problems are
characterized by a condition known as
steatorrhea. Steatorrhea is caused by an
abnormal accumulation of what substance
in the feces?
A. Proteins
B. Lipids
C. Carbohydrates
D. Vitamins

What is the sedimentation nomenclature
associated with alpha-lipoprotein?
A. Very-low-density lipoproteins
(VLDLs)
B. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
D. Chylomicrons

The quantification of the high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol level is thought to
be significant in the risk assessment of
what disease?
A. Pancreatitis
B. Cirrhosis
C. Coronary artery disease
D. Hyperlipidemia

The surfactant/albumin ratio by fluorescence polarization is performed to assess
what physiological state?
A. Hyperlipidemia
B. Coronary artery disease
C. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
D. Fetal lung maturity

The VLDL fraction primarily transports
what substance?
A. Cholesterol
B. Chylomicron
C. Triglyceride
D. Phospholipid

Name a commonly used precipitating
reagent to separate HDL cholesterol from
other lipoprotein cholesterol fractions.
A. Zinc sulfate
B. Trichloroacetic acid
C. Heparin-manganese
D. Isopropanol

What is the principle of the “direct” or
“homogeneous” HDL cholesterol
automated method, which requires no
intervention by the laboratorian? The
direct HDL method
A. Quantifies only the cholesterol in
HDL, whereas the precipitation HDL
method quantifies the entire lipoprotein
B. Utilizes polymers and detergents that
make the HDL cholesterol soluble while
keeping the other lipoproteins insoluble
C. Uses a nonenzymatic method to
measure cholesterol, whereas the other
methods use enzymes to measure
cholesterol
D. Uses a column chromatography step
to separate HDL from the other
lipoproteins, whereas the other
methods use a precipitation step

Which of the following results would be
the most consistent with high risk for
coronary heart disease?
A. 20 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and
250 mg/dL total cholesterol
B. 45 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and
210 mg/dL total cholesterol
C. 50 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and
180 mg/dL total cholesterol
D. 55 mg/dL HDL cholesterol and
170 mg/dL total cholesterol

A patient’s total cholesterol is 300 mg/dL,
his HDL cholesterol is 50 mg/dL, and his
triglyceride is 200 mg/dL. What is this
patient’s calculated LDL cholesterol?
A. 200
B. 210
C. 290
D. 350

A patient's total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio is 10.0. What level of risk for coronary heart disease does this result indicate? A. No risk B. Half average risk C. Average risk D. Twice average risk

Which of the following techniques can be used to quantify apolipoproteins? A. Spectrophotometric endpoint B. Ion-selective electrode C. Immunonephelometric assay D. Refractometry

Which of the following may be described as a variant form of LDL, associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? A. Lp(a) B. HDL C. ApoA-I D. ApoA-II

In what way is the "normal" population reference interval for total cholesterol in America different from that of other clinical chemistry parameters (i.e., protein, sodium, BUN, creatinine, etc.)? A. Established units for total cholesterol are mg/dL; no other chemistry test has these units. B. Reference interval is artificially set to reflect good health even though Americans as a group have "normally" higher total cholesterol levels. C. Total cholesterol reference interval must be interpreted in line with triglyceride, phospholipid, and sphingolipid values. D. Total cholesterol reference interval is based on a manual procedure, whereas all other chemistry parameters are based on automated procedures.

Your lab routinely uses a precipitation method to separate HDL cholesterol. You receive a slightly lipemic specimen for HDL cholesterol. The total cholesterol and triglyceride for the specimen were 450 and 520 mg/dL, respectively. After adding the precipitating reagents and centrifuging, you notice that the supernatant still looks slightly cloudy. What is your next course of action in analyzing this specimen? A. Perform the HDL cholesterol test; there is nothing wrong with this specimen. B. Take off the supernatant and recentrifuge. C. Take off the supernatant and add another portion of the precipitating reagent to it and recentrifuge. D. Send specimen to a lab that offers other techniques to separate more effectively the HDL cholesterol.

A 46-year-old known alcoholic with liver damage is brought into the emergency department unconscious. In what way would you expect his plasma lipid values to be affected? A. Increased total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL B. Increased total cholesterol and triglyceride, decreased LDL and VLDL C. Decreased total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL D. Normal lipid metabolism, unaffected by the alcoholism

A healthy, active 10-year-old boy with no prior history of illness comes to the lab after school for a routine chemistry screen in order to meet requirements for summer camp. After centrifugation, the serum looks cloudy. The specimen had the following results: blood glucose = 135 mg/dL, total cholesterol =195 mg/dL, triglyceride =185 mg/dL. What would be the most probable explanation for these findings? The boy A. Is at risk for coronary artery disease B. Has type 1 diabetes mellitus that is undiagnosed C. Has an inherited genetic disease causing a lipid imbalance D. Was most likely not fasting when the specimen was drawn

A mother brings her obese, 4-year-old child who is a known type 1 diabetic to the laboratory for a blood workup. She states that the boy has been fasting for the past 12 hours. After centrifugation the tech notes that the serum looks turbid. The specimen had the following results: blood glucose = 150 mg/dL, total cholesterol = 250 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol = 32 mg/dL, triglyceride = 395 mg/dL. What best explains these findings? The boy A. Is a low risk for coronary artery disease B. Is a good candidate for a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test C. Has secondary hyperlipidemia due to the diabetes D. Was not fasting when the specimen was drawn