carbohydrates Flashcards
What does hydrolysis of sucrose yield?
A. Glucose only
B. Galactose and glucose
C. Maltose and glucose
D. Fructose and glucose
D
In what form is glucose stored in muscle
and liver?
A. Glycogen
B. Maltose
C. Lactose
D. Starch
A
Which of the following carbohydrates is a
polysaccharide?
A. Starch
B. Sucrose
C. Lactose
D. Glucose
A
Which of the following defines the term
“glycolysis”?
A. Conversion of glucose into lactate or
pyruvate
B. Conversion of glucose to glycogen
C. Breakdown of glycogen to form
glucose
D. Breakdown of lipids to form glucose
A
What is the glucose concentration in
fasting whole blood?
A. Less than the concentration in plasma
or serum
B. Greater than the concentration in
plasma or serum
C. Equal to the concentration in plasma
or serum
D. Meaningless because it is not stable
A
Of the following blood glucose levels,
which would you expect to result in
glucose in the urine?
A. 60mg/dL
B. 120mg/dL
C. 150mg/dL
D. 225mg/dL
D
Which test may be performed to assess
the average plasma glucose level that an
individual maintained during a previous
2- to 3-month period?
A. Plasma glucose
B. Two-hour postprandial glucose
C. Oral glucose tolerance
D. Glycated hemoglobin
D
The physician determined that the patient
needed an oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT) to assist in diagnosis. The patient
had blood drawn for the OGTT, and the
following serum glucose results were obtained. These results are indicative of
what state?
Fasting serum glucose 124 mg/dL
2-hour postload serum glucose
227 mg/dL
A. Normal
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Addison disease
D. Hyperinsulinism
B
A 30-year-old pregnant woman has a
gestational diabetes mellitus screening test
performed at 26 weeks of gestation. Her
physician chooses to order a 50-g oral
glucose load. Her serum glucose level is
150 mg/dL at 1 hour. What should occur
next?
A. This confirms diabetes mellitus; give
insulin.
B. This confirms diabetes mellitus;
dietary intake of carbohydrates should
be lessened.
C. This is suspicious of diabetes mellitus;
an oral glucose tolerance test should
be performed.
D. This is an expected glucose level in a
pregnant woman
C
A sample of blood is collected for glucose
in a sodium fluoride tube before the patient
has had breakfast. The physician calls
2 hours later and requests that determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) be
performed on the same sample rather than
obtaining another specimen. The automated analyzer in your laboratory utilizes
the urease method to quantify BUN. What
should you tell the physician?
A. Will gladly do the test if sufficient
specimen remains
B. Could do the test using a micromethod
C. Can do the BUN determination on the
automated analyzer
D. Cannot perform the procedure
D
Which of the following does not properly
describe type 1 diabetes mellitus?
A. Insulin deficiency
B. Associated with autoimmune
destruction of pancreatic (3-cells
C. Ketoacidosis prone
D. Occurs more frequently in adults
D
Which of the following is not associated
with insulin?
A. Synthesized from proinsulin
B. Synthesized by (3-cells in the pancreas
C. C-peptide is active form
D. Two-chain polypeptide
C
Which of the following statements may be
associated with the activity of insulin?
A. Increases blood glucose levels
B. Decreases glucose uptake by muscle
and fat cells
C. Stimulates release of hepatic glucose
into the blood
D. Stimulates glycogenesis in the liver
D
Which of the following is not characteristic of severe hyperglycemia?
A. Polyuria
B. Ketonuria
C. Glycosuria
D. Hypoglucagonemia
D
Which of the following statements applies
to the preferred use of plasma or serum,
rather than whole blood, for glucose
determination?
A. Glucose is more stable in separated
plasma or serum.
B. Specificity for glucose is higher with
most methods when plasma or serum
is used.
C. It is convenient to use serum or plasma
with automated instruments because
whole blood requires mixing immediately before sampling.
D. All the above.
D
Which of the following analytes would not
commonly be measured when monitoring
complications of diabetes mellitus?
A. Serum urea nitrogen
B. Urinary albumin
C. Serum creatinine
D. Serum bilirubin
D
Ingestion of which of the following drugs
may cause hypoglycemia?
A. Ethanol
B. Propranolol
C. Salicylate
D. All the above
D
Which of the following is not associated
with hypoglycemia?
A. Neuroglycopenia
B. Symptoms occur with plasma glucose
level of 60-70 mg/dL
C. Decreased hepatic glucose production
D. Diagnostic test is 72-hour fast
B
Which glucose method can employ a
polarographic oxygen electrode?
A. Hexokinase
B. Glucose oxidase
C. Glucose dehydrogenase
D. o-Toluidine
B
Which glucose method catalyzes the
phosphorylation of glucose by adenosine
triphosphate, forming glucose-6-
phosphate and adenosine diphosphate
with the absorbance of the NADPH
product read at 340 nm?
A. o-Toluidine
B. Glucose oxidase
C. Hexokinase
D. Glucose dehydrogenase
C
Which of the following is not a reagent
required in an enzymatic serum glucose
method?
A. NAD+
B. Glucose oxidase
C. Peroxidase
D. Reduced chromogen
A
Which of the following glucose methods
should not be used during the administration of an oral xylose absorption test?
A. Glucose oxidase—colorimetric
B. Glucose oxidase—polarographic
C. Glucose dehydrogenase
D. Hexokinase
C
Which glucose method is considered to be
the reference method?
A. Glucose oxidase
B. o-Toluidine
C. Hexokinase
D. Glucose dehydrogenase
C
An individual has a plasma glucose level
of 110 mg/dL. What would be the
approximate glucose concentration in this
patient’s cerebrospinal fluid?
A. 33 mg/dL
B. 55 mg/dL
C. 66 mg/dL
D. 110 mg/dL
C
