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Molecular Foundations of Medicine > Protein and Enzymes > Flashcards

Protein and Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

ΔF508 mutation

A
  • most common mutation in cystic fibrosis
  • found on the CFTR gene (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator, =250,000 bp and 24 exons)
  • deletion mutation of 3 nucleotides -> phenylalanine at position 508 lost
  • ΔF508-CFTR stays in ER and is targeted for destruction -> only about 2% of needed protein gets to cell membrane
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2
Q

competitive inhibitors

A
  • compete for same site as substrate
  • high amounts of substrate will overcome the inhibitor
  • Vmax remains the same, but Km is higher
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3
Q

non-competitive inhibitors

A
  • bind to a site different from substrate
  • changes the substrate binding site
  • substrate can not overcome this change
  • Vmax is lower, but Km is the same
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4
Q

Vmax

A

maximum velocity of a reaction that can occur in presence of enzyme

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5
Q

Km

A
  • michaelis constant
  • is the substrate concentration that is found at 1/2Vmax in a michaelis-menten plot
  • low Km indicates strong binding affinity
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6
Q

lineweaver burke plot

A
  • turns data from michaelis-menten plot from a hyperbolic shape to a straight line
  • x-axis is 1/S and y-axis is 1/V
  • the line crosses the y-axis at 1/Vmax
  • the line crosses the x-axis at -1/Km
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7
Q

variable changes in competitive inhibition

A
  • Vmax remains the same

* Km increases

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8
Q

variable changes in non-competitive inhibition

A
  • Vmax decreases

* Km remains the same

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9
Q

enzymes

A

catalytic proteins

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10
Q

defensive proteins

A

e.g. antibodies

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11
Q

hormonal and regulatory proteins

A

control physiological processes

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12
Q

receptor proteins

A

receive and respond to molecular signals

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13
Q

storage proteins

A

store amino acids

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14
Q

structural proteins

A

physical stability and movement

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15
Q

transport proteins

A

carry substances (e.g. hemoglobin)

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16
Q

genetic regulatory proteins

A

regulate when, how, and to what extent a gene is expressed

17
Q

secretory proteins are synthesized by

A

ribosomes bound to the ER (constitutive pathway)

18
Q

cytoplasmic proteins are synthesized by

A

free ribosomes in cytoplasm

19
Q

golgi apparatus

A

distribution center for proteins and lipids from the ER to vesicles and plasma membrane

20
Q

endosome

A
  • sorting centers for material from outside the cell or golgi
  • sends it to lysosomes for destruction, or back to the membrane/golgi for further use
21
Q

proteasome

A

barrel-shaped protein complex that degrades damaged or ubiquitin-tagged proteins

22
Q

protein folding is

hint when does it happen

A

co-translational

23
Q

dominant negative effect

A
  • protein subunits A and B need to form a complex to become active
  • if subunit A is misfolded and inactive, but can still join subunit B, then the entire complex becomes inactive
24
Q

exocytic transport system

A
  • ER -> vesicle -> golgi apparatus -> vesicle -> plasma membrane
  • secretory proteins
  • membrane proteins
25
Q

COP II

A
  • coatamer protein II
  • expressed on vesicle released from RER that will target the cys golgi (closest to ER)
  • KEY: ER -> cys golgi
26
Q

COP I

A
  • coatamer protein I
  • retrograde transport
  • if components belonging in ER (ie chaperones) make it to the golgi, the vesicle gets tagged with COP I to go back to ER
  • Key: cys golgi -> ER
27
Q

core glycosylation happens when

A

co-translational

28
Q

core glycosylation of protein

A
  • simple high mannose added
  • N-glycosylation (n-linked)
  • done in ER
29
Q

complex glycosylation of protein

A
  • done in golgi

* O-glycosylation

30
Q

constitutive pathway

A

the default pathway = exocytic pathway

others need regulated pathway, which requires signals

31
Q

CFTR

A
  • cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator
  • allows for Cl- to exit cells
  • important for maintenance of gradients
32
Q

which amino acid would you not find in an α-helical domain

A

proline (helix breaker)

33
Q

sigmoidal curve indicative of

A

cooperative binding (i.e hemoglobin)

34
Q

michaelis-menten kinetics

A

only applies to single subunit enzymes (rare in human body)

Molecular Foundations of Medicine (21 decks)

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