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Clin path exam 3 > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

1
Q

What factors does serum lack due to clotting?

A

Fibrinogen
5
8

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2
Q

Three types of blood proteins

A

Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen

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3
Q

Where are most plasma proteins made?

A

Liver

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4
Q

Where are immunoglobulins made?

A

Lymphoid organs

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5
Q

What is the major colloidal particle contributing to colloid osmotic pressure?

A

Albumin (80%)

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6
Q

What happens when colloid osmotic pressure is decreased?

A

Fluid accumulates outside of vascular space (Edema/effusion)

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7
Q

Three ways proteins are lost

A

Catabolism
GI (PLE)
Renal (PLN)

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8
Q

When is fibrinogen icreased

A

Inflammation

Stress

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9
Q

When is fibrinogen decreased

A

DIC

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10
Q

What factors can affect protein concentration?

A 
Age
Diet
Hormones
Fluid balance
Disease states
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11
Q

Positive acute phase proteins

A

Synthesis is increased in response to inflammatory cytokines

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12
Q

Negative acute phase proteins

A

Synthesis is decreased in response to inflammatory cytokines

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13
Q

Examples of positive acute phase proteins

A 
CRP
SAA
Hp
Ceruloplasmin
a2-Macroglobulin
a1-Acid glycoprotein
Fibrinogen
Complement
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14
Q

What is one of the major acute phase proteins of dog cat cow horse?

A

SAA

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15
Q

Examples of negative acute phase proteins

A

Albumin
Transferrin
Transthyretin
RBP

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16
Q

Why is albumin decreased with inflammation?

A

Allows greater amount of amino acids to be used for APP production

17
Q

Mechanisms of hypoproteinemia

A

Decreased production
Increased loss
Sequestration
Dilution

18
Q

Mechanisms of hyperproteinemia

A

Hemoconcentration

Hyperglobulinemia

19
Q

High total protein with normal A:G ratio

A

Dehydration

20
Q

High total protein with low A:G ratio

A

Hyperglobulinemia

21
Q

What can cause decreased production of albumin?

A

Chronic hepatic failure
Inadequate protein intake or digestion
Hypergammaglobulinemia

22
Q

What can cause increased loss of albumin?

A

PLE
PLN
Whole blood loss
Severe exudative skin wound

23
Q

What can cause a sequestration of albumin?

A

Body cavity effusion
Vasculopathy
Iatrogenic dilution (IV fluid)

24
Q

What can cause an increased loss of globulins?

A

PLE

Whole blood loss

25
Q

What can cause a decreased production of globulins?

A

Severe, chronic hepatic failure

*Normal for neonate to have decreased globulins (Increase after colostrum)

26
Q

What causes an increase of albumin?

A

Hemoconcentration (dehydration)

27
Q

What can cause an increase of globulins?

A 
Hemoconcentration
Increase immunoglobulins (Inflammatory dz, neoplasia)
28
Q

Two types of hyperglobulinemia

A

Polyclonal

Monoclonal

29
Q

Polyclonal gammopathy usually due to

A

Antigenic stimulation (infection, immune mediated)

30
Q

Monoclonal gammopathy usually due to

A

Neoplasia

Clin path exam 3 (6 decks)

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