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Clin path exam 3 > Minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium) > Flashcards

Minerals (Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium) Flashcards

1
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Increases Ca, decreased P
Acts in minutes
Targets bone and kidney

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2
Q

Vitamin D (Calcitrol)

A

Stimulated by PTH
Increased GI absorption of both Ca and P
Acts in days
Targets GI

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3
Q

Calcitonin

A

Decreased serum Ca by inhibiting PTH
Acts in hours
Targets bone and kidney

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4
Q

Causes of hypocalcemia

A

HARP IS ALE

Hypoparathyroidism
Hypoalbuminemia
Renal Failure
Pancreatitis

Intestinal malabsorption
Spurious

Alkalosis
Lactation
Ethylene Glycol

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5
Q

Eclampsia

A

Periparturient hypocalcemia

1-3 weeks postpartum
Small dogs
Loss of Ca in milk and for skeletal muscle development
Seizures, trembling, twitching, etc.
Treat with IV calcium gluconate
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6
Q

Milk Fever

A

Dairy cows
Flaccid paralysis
Classic “S” shaped curve to neck
Ca loss to fetal skeletal development and milk production
Inadequate reabsorption from intestine/release from bone

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7
Q

Clinical signs of hypocalcemia

A

Increased neuron excitability

Nervousness, behavioral change, trembling, panting, muscle twitches, cramping, stiff gait, seizures

Cats: intense facial rubbing
Cows: flaccid paralysis

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8
Q

Causes of hypercalcemia

A

GOSH DARNIT

Granulomatous
Osteolysis
Spurious
1 Hyperparathyroidism

Vitamin D toxicosis
Addison's (2nd most common cause)
Renal dz
Neoplasia (MOST COMMON)
Idiopathic
Temperature- hypothermia
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9
Q

Clinical signs of hypercalcemia

A

PU/PD
Lethargy, weakness
Constipation
Calcium containing uroliths

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10
Q

Most common cause of hypercalcemia

A

Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

PTH-rP produced by tumors (anal gland adenocarcinoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma)

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11
Q

Most common cause of hyperphosphatemia

A

DECREASED RENAL EXCRETION because of RENAL DISEASE

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12
Q

Clinical signs of HYPOphosphatemia

A

Intravascular hemolysis

Neuromuscular signs

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13
Q

Serum calcium levels depend on

A

Dietary intake
Intestinal reabsorption
Skeletal reabsorption
Renal reabsorption and excretion
Losses to saliva, lactation, fecal, sweat
Regulatory hormone concentrations (PTH, calcitrol, calcitonin, PTH-rP)

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14
Q

Regulation of phosphorous

A

PTH: decreases P
Calcitonin: decreases P
Vitamin D: increases P
Growth Hormone: increases P

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15
Q

Most common cause of hypomagnesemia in ruminants

A

Decreased intake
Put on lush, green pastures (Mg deficient)
“Grass Tetany”

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16
Q

Most common cause of hypermagnesemia

A

Decreased renal excretion

Clin path exam 3 (6 decks)

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