Protein

Question 1

What is the main function of protein?

Answer 1

Protein is the building blocks of the body and is responsible for growth and repair of tissue

Question 2

What other functions do proteins serve in our body?

Answer 2

Proteins build most enzymes and many hormones Proteins help maintain fluid balance, blood clotting Speed up chemical reactions

Question 3

How proteins are made

Answer 3

A chain of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds to create polypeptides (single protein molecule containing 10 or more amino acids linked in peptide chains)

Question 4

What are amino acids?

Answer 4

Building blocks of protein.

Question 5

What is an essential amino acids

Answer 5

an amino acid that your body can not make on it’s own (MUST GET FROM DIET!)there are 9 essential amino acids

Question 6

what are nonessential amino acids

Answer 6

the 11 amino acids that humans can make on their own

Question 7

what are conditionally essential amino acids?

Answer 7

Amino acids that can become essential in certain physiologic conditions (illness or if the body lacks necessary enzymes)
example: PKU

Question 8

What are some examples of foods rich in protein?

Answer 8

Red meat, fish, poultry, dairy products, etc.

Question 9

What are some plant foods rich in protein?

Answer 9

Peanut butter, dried beans, soy beans

Question 10

what percent of calories should come from protein

Answer 10

10-35%

Question 11

1 gram equals how many protein calories?

Answer 11

4 calories

Question 12

What is the formula for calculating personal protein needs?

Answer 12

convert weight to pounds by dividing by 2.2 = kgkg x .8 = g/day

Question 13

What are the best food sources for protein?

Answer 13

dried beans, peanut butter, nuts, soy because they can serve as meat alternatives without the cholesterol and saturated fat of meat

Question 14

what are the risks of consuming too little protein?

Answer 14

loss of bone mass
PEM- protein energy malnutrition
kwashiorkor- severe deficiency of dietary protein
marasmus - severe deficiency of calories
marasmic kwashiorkor- worst of both conditions

Question 15

What are the risks of getting too much protein in your diet?

Answer 15

Increase risk of kidney stones, calcium loss from bones, can displace other nutrient and fiber-rich foods (whole-grains, fruits, vegetables), associated with high saturated fat and cholesterol and lower in fiber, increased risk of heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes

Question 16

What is a vegetarian?

Answer 16

Someone who doesn’t include meat in their diet

Question 17

What are the different types of Vegetarians?

Answer 17

Ovovegetarian - doesn’t eat meat, fish, poultry, dairy foods
Lactovegetarian- doesn’t eat meat, poultry and eggs
Ovolactovegetarian- doesn’t eat meat, fish, and poultry
vegan- doesn’t eat any animal foods, meat, fish, poultry, dairy foods, eggs.
semi-vegetarian- doesn’t eat meat, fish, and poultry on occasion

Question 18

Know what types of health concerns vegetarians are at risk for…

Answer 18

Nutrient deficiencies (protein, iron, calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, zinc, riboflavin, omega-3 fatty acids, Vitamin A)

Question 19

What are the potential health benefits for vegetarian diets?

Answer 19

Veg diets are high in fiber, lower in saturated fat and cholesterol, may reduce the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, stroke and obesity.

Question 20

What are complete proteins?

Answer 20

Contain all 9 amino acidsMeat, poultry, fish, eggs, diary products, soybeans

Question 21

What are incomplete proteins?

Answer 21

inadequate amounts of essential amino acids (plant proteins, except soy)

Question 22

How and where are proteins digested and absorbed?

Answer 22

Digested in the stomach with the help of stomach acids. They are then absorbed into the bloodstream in the small intestine with the help of villi and microvilli then go to the liver.

Question 23

During which stages of human development is protein intake most important?

Answer 23

It is important for pregnant women to get an adequate intake of healthy protein for the development of the fetus, during childhood and teens to fuel growth.

Question 24

What is protein complementing?

Answer 24

Protein complementation is the most efficient way to get all 9 amino acids into a vegetarian’s diet. Protein complementation is when you combine two vegetable proteins (legumes and grains for an example) to get all 9 amino acids that are essential for your body.