Protein (2)

Question 1

=Biological catalyst
Ex. Pepsin, Trypsin

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

• Include antibodies (immunoglobulins)which are specific protein molecules produced by specialized cells of the immune system in response to foreign antigens

Answer 2

Defense proteins

Question 3

• Another term for “antibodies”
  -essential in protecting against bacteria and viruses

Answer 3

Immunoglobulins

Question 4

5 classes of antibodies

Answer 4

1. IgM
2. IgD
3. IgA
4. IgG
5. IgE

Question 5

• Primary response to an antigen
• first antibody produced by the fetus(mother to fetal).
• biggest antibody

Answer 5

IgM

Question 6

No biological effector function known

Answer 6

IgD

Question 7

Antibody in secretions of saliva, tears, breast milk and mucosa

Answer 7

IgA

Question 8

• Smallest antibody
• most abundant
• has 4 isotopes ( IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4)

Answer 8

IgG

Question 9

• Associated with hypersensitivity reactions (allergies)
• defense against parasite infections
• found mainly in tissues

Answer 9

IgE

Question 10

-Carry material from place to another in the body
Ex. Transferrin, Hemoglobin and Myoglobin

Answer 10

Transport protein

Question 11

• Controls many aspects of cell function,including metabolism and reproduction
  Ex. Insulin and Glucagon

Answer 11

Regulatory protein

Question 12

• Provide mechanical support to large animals and . provide them with their outer coverings
  Ex. Keratin

Answer 12

Structural protein

Question 13

• Are necessary for all forms of movement
  Ex. Actin and myosin, flagella of sperm cell

Answer 13

Movement proteins

Question 14

• Serves as source of amino acids for embryos or infant
  Ex. Albumin and casein

Answer 14

Nutrient protein

Question 15

The amino acid sequence of protein is encoded in?

Answer 15

DNA

Question 16

Proteins are synthesized by a series of steps called?

Answer 16

Transcription and Translation

Question 17

The use of a DNA strand to make a complimentary messenger RNA strand -mRNA

Answer 17

Transcription

Question 18

The mRNA sequence is used as a template to guide the synthesis of the chain of amino acids which make up the protein

Answer 18

Translation

Question 19

____can change by the process of mutation during the course of evolution

Answer 19

Genes

Question 20

____ can result in a change in the primary acid sequence of a protein

Answer 20

Mutation in gene

Question 21

2 types of secondary structure

Answer 21

1. Alpha-helix
2. Beta- Pleated Sheets

Question 22

The most common type of structure;may it be coiled of helical conformation

Answer 22

Alpha-Helix

Question 23

Every carbonyl oxygen is hydrogen bonded to amide hydrogen tour amino acids away in the chain

Answer 23

• Special feature of alpha-helix

Question 24

Are structural proteins arranged in fibers or sheets that have only one type of secondary structure

Answer 24

Fibrous protein

Question 25

Are fibrous protein than form the covering (hairs,nails,fur) of most land animals

Answer 25

Alpha-Keratins

Question 26

• Second common secondary structure in proteins resembles the pleated folds of drapery
• involved in hydrogen bonds, and the polypeptide chain is nearly completely extended

Answer 26

Beta-Pleated Sheet

Question 27

2 Orientation of B-Pleated form

Answer 27

1. Parallel
2. Anti-Parallel

Question 28

• Beta sheets which the polypeptide strands run in the same direction, N-terminus to C-terminus. (N-C)
• Less stable because it forces the hydrogen bonds
  to occur at an angle, making them longer and thus weaker.

Answer 28

Parallel

Question 29

• Beta sheets which the polypeptide strands run in opposite directions.
• The N- terminus of one beta strand will be opposite the C-terminus of the other beta strand.
• The hydrogen bonds are aligned directly opposite each other, making for stronger and more stable bonds.

Answer 29

Anti-parallel

Question 30

• A protein whose structure is an antiparallel B-
  pleated sheet.
• The polypeptide chains of a B-pleated sheet are almost completely extended, and silk does not stretch easily

Answer 30

Silk Fibroin

Question 31

Accounts for nearly half of the amino acids of silk fibroin

Answer 31

Glycine

Question 32

Account for most of the others content of silk fibroin

Answer 32

Alanine and Serine

Question 33

• the complete three-dimensional (3-D) structure of a polypeptide.
• formed spontaneously and stabilized both by side chain interactions, in extracellular proteins, by disulfide
  bonds.
  -This folding brings distant sequences in a linear polypeptide together into a stable structure

Answer 33

Tertiary Structure of Proteins

Question 34

-generally have a more compact and rounded shape and have functional roles (they do something)

Answer 34

Globular proteins

Question 35

• some proteins are made up of multiple polypeptide
  chains, also known as subunits. When these subunits come together, they give the protein its ______

Answer 35

Quaternary Structure

Question 36

– when a non-protein group is added to the functional protein.
Ex: Glycoprotein

Answer 36

Prosthetic Group

Question 37

• Is the degradation of protein by cellular enzymes
  in a process called hydrolysis.
  -The macromolecules are the proteins or
  polypeptides themselves, and the subunits are the
  amino acids.

Answer 37

Protein Digestion

Question 38

Protein Digestion takes place in 2 different phases:

Answer 38

• In the stomach
• In the small intestine

Question 39

Both of these phases of digestion are based on
several types of enzymes that are called

Answer 39

Proteinases and Proteases