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★BIOCHEM LEC > Introduction to Biochemistry > Flashcards

Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q
  • The science concerned with thw chemical basis of life
  • The science concerned with the chemical constituent of living cells and with the reactions and process they undergo.
A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

Life sciences that needs knowledge of Biochemistry

A

Genetics, Physiology, Pharmacology, Immunology, Toxicology, Pathology, Microbiology, Zoology, Botany

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3
Q

To describe and explain, in molecular term, all chemical processes of living cells.

A

Aim of Biochemistry

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4
Q
  • The understanding and maintenance of health and understanding and effective treatment of diseases.
A

Reciprocal relationship between Biochemistry & Medicine

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5
Q
  • As medical tratment is firmly grounded in a biochemistry and other sciences. The practice of medicine will have a rational basis that can adapted to accomodate new knowlege
A

Reciprocal relationship between Biochemistry & Medicine

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6
Q

Is a chemical found within the a living organisms

A

Biochemical substance

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7
Q
  • Cells are highly organized and constant source of energy required to maintain the ordered state.
  • Living processes contains thousands of chemical rxns. Precise regulations and integration of these reactions are required to maintain life
  • Certain important rxns (glycosis)
  • All organisms use tge same type of molecules (CHO, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid)
  • Instructions for growth, reproduction and developmengs for each organism is encoded in their DNA.
A

Principles of Biochemistry

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8
Q
  • basic building blocks.
  • smallest living unit of organism.
  • grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment.
  • cannot be seen with naked eye.
    -may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up organism.
A

Cells

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9
Q
  • basic building blocks.
  • smallest living unit of organism.
  • grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment.
  • cannot be seen with naked eye.
    -may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up organism.
A

Cells

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10
Q

2 types of cells

A
  • Prokaryotic Cell
  • Eukaryotic Cell
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11
Q
  • simple, single-celled(unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
  • its DNA found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called nucleoid.
A

Prokaryotic Cell

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12
Q

Bacteria and lack of nucleus or membrane-bound structures

A

Organelles

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13
Q
  • A cell that has s membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs(organelles); which have specialized functions.
  • Include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi & animals)
A

Eukaryotic Cell

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14
Q

What do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have in common

A
  • DNA
  • Cell/Plasma Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Ribosomes
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15
Q

A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containinv transport and signaling system.

A

Plasma Membrane

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16
Q

-Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus.
- allow specific communication with the cytoplasm.

A

Nucleus

17
Q

A site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome

A

Nucleolus

18
Q
  • Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae
  • Functions in energy production through metabolism (powerhouse of the cell)
  • Contains itsown DNA, and is beleived to have originate as a captured bacterium.
A

Mitochondrion

19
Q
  • A network of ibterconnected membranes forming channels within the cell.
  • Covered with ribosomes (causinh the rough appearance) which are in the process of synthesizinv proteins for secretion of localization in membrane
A

Rough Endoolasmic Reticilum

20
Q

Proein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis.

A

Ribosomes

21
Q
  • A network of interconnected membraned forming channels within the cell.
  • A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids.
  • Contains enzymes for detoxifying chemicals including drugs and pesticides.
A

Small Endoplasmic Reticulum

22
Q
  • A series of stacked membranes,
  • Vesicles (small membrane surrounding bags) carry materials from the RER to the golgi apparatus.
  • Vesicles move between the stacks while the protein “processed” to a mature form.
  • Vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations including secretion or membrane localization.
A

Golgi Apparatus

23
Q
  • A membranebound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell
  • helps degrade materials ingested by the cell.
A

Lysosomes

24
Q

Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produces during metabolism

A

Peroxisomes/Microbodies

25
Q

Enclosed by the plasma membrane, liquid proportion called cytosol and it houses membranous organelles.

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

-Arrays of protein filaments in the cytosol. Gives the cell its shape and provides the basis for movement.

A

Cytoskeleton

★BIOCHEM LEC (5 decks)

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