Introduction to Biochemistry Flashcards
- The science concerned with thw chemical basis of life
- The science concerned with the chemical constituent of living cells and with the reactions and process they undergo.
Biochemistry
Life sciences that needs knowledge of Biochemistry
Genetics, Physiology, Pharmacology, Immunology, Toxicology, Pathology, Microbiology, Zoology, Botany
To describe and explain, in molecular term, all chemical processes of living cells.
Aim of Biochemistry
- The understanding and maintenance of health and understanding and effective treatment of diseases.
Reciprocal relationship between Biochemistry & Medicine
- As medical tratment is firmly grounded in a biochemistry and other sciences. The practice of medicine will have a rational basis that can adapted to accomodate new knowlege
Reciprocal relationship between Biochemistry & Medicine
Is a chemical found within the a living organisms
Biochemical substance
- Cells are highly organized and constant source of energy required to maintain the ordered state.
- Living processes contains thousands of chemical rxns. Precise regulations and integration of these reactions are required to maintain life
- Certain important rxns (glycosis)
- All organisms use tge same type of molecules (CHO, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid)
- Instructions for growth, reproduction and developmengs for each organism is encoded in their DNA.
Principles of Biochemistry
- basic building blocks.
- smallest living unit of organism.
- grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment.
- cannot be seen with naked eye.
-may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up organism.
Cells
- basic building blocks.
- smallest living unit of organism.
- grow, reproduce, use energy, adapt, respond to their environment.
- cannot be seen with naked eye.
-may be an entire organism or it may be one of billions of cells that make up organism.
Cells
2 types of cells
- Prokaryotic Cell
- Eukaryotic Cell
- simple, single-celled(unicellular) organism that lacks a nucleus, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
- its DNA found in the central part of the cell: a darkened region called nucleoid.
Prokaryotic Cell
Bacteria and lack of nucleus or membrane-bound structures
Organelles
- A cell that has s membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs(organelles); which have specialized functions.
- Include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi & animals)
Eukaryotic Cell
What do Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have in common
- DNA
- Cell/Plasma Membrane
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
A lipid/protein/carbohydrate complex, providing a barrier and containinv transport and signaling system.
Plasma Membrane
-Double membrane surrounding the chromosomes and the nucleolus.
- allow specific communication with the cytoplasm.
Nucleus
A site for synthesis of RNA making up the ribosome
Nucleolus
- Surrounded by a double membrane with a series of folds called cristae
- Functions in energy production through metabolism (powerhouse of the cell)
- Contains itsown DNA, and is beleived to have originate as a captured bacterium.
Mitochondrion
- A network of ibterconnected membranes forming channels within the cell.
- Covered with ribosomes (causinh the rough appearance) which are in the process of synthesizinv proteins for secretion of localization in membrane
Rough Endoolasmic Reticilum
Proein and RNA complex responsible for protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
- A network of interconnected membraned forming channels within the cell.
- A site for synthesis and metabolism of lipids.
- Contains enzymes for detoxifying chemicals including drugs and pesticides.
Small Endoplasmic Reticulum
- A series of stacked membranes,
- Vesicles (small membrane surrounding bags) carry materials from the RER to the golgi apparatus.
- Vesicles move between the stacks while the protein “processed” to a mature form.
- Vesicles then carry newly formed membrane and secreted proteins to their final destinations including secretion or membrane localization.
Golgi Apparatus
- A membranebound organelle that is responsible for degrading proteins and membranes in the cell
- helps degrade materials ingested by the cell.
Lysosomes
Produce and degrade hydrogen peroxide, a toxic compound that can be produces during metabolism
Peroxisomes/Microbodies
Enclosed by the plasma membrane, liquid proportion called cytosol and it houses membranous organelles.
Cytoplasm
-Arrays of protein filaments in the cytosol. Gives the cell its shape and provides the basis for movement.
Cytoskeleton
