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★BIOCHEM LEC > Carbohydrates (2) > Flashcards

Carbohydrates (2) Flashcards

1
Q

4 Biomedical important monosaccharide

A

1) Triose
2) Tetrose
3) Pentose
4) Hexose

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2
Q

2 Trioses that are important intermediates in the process of glycolysis

A

1) D-Glyceraldehyde
2) Dihydroxyacetone

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3
Q

A series of reaction whereby glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvate

A

Glycolysis

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4
Q

-precursors of glycerol
-organisms synthesizes and incorporates into various types of lipids.

A

D-glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone

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5
Q

-Triose
-Is a chiral molecule

A

D-glyceraldehyde

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6
Q

-Triose
-Not a chiral molecule

A

Dihydroxyacetone

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7
Q

An intermediate in hexosemonophosphate shunt which is an alternative pathway for glucose oxidation

A

Erythrose

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8
Q

5 Pentoses

A

1) D-Ribose
2) D-2-Deoxyribose
3) L-Xylulose
4) D-Xylose
5) L- Fucose

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9
Q

-a constituent of RNA
-constituent of certain coenzymes; FAD and NAD

A

D-Ribose

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10
Q

FAD

A

Flavin Adenosine Dinucleotide

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11
Q

NAD

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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12
Q

A constituent of DNA

A

D-2-Deoxyribose

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13
Q

A metabolite if D-glucuronic acid and is excreted to urine of humans afflicted with hereditary abnormality in metabolism called pentosuria

A

L-Xylulose

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14
Q

-Known as “Wood Sugar”
- Use as diagnostic aid for cystic fibrosis
-Sources: Corn Cob

A

D-Xylose

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15
Q

-Methylpentose
-Occurs in glycoprotein

A

L-Fucose

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16
Q

4 Hexoses

A

1) D-Glucose
2) D-Galactose
3) Fructose
4) D-Mannose

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17
Q
  • the most abundant in nature.
  • most important from a human nutritional standpoint
A

Beta- D Glucose

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18
Q
  • tastes sweet
  • nutritious
  • an important component of the human diet
A

D-Glucose

19
Q
  • tasteless
  • the body cannot use it
A

L-Glucose

20
Q

Ripe fruits particularly grapes (20%-30% glucose is referred as ___

A

Grape Sugar

21
Q
  • Known as “dextrose” in aq. sol’n , rotates plane-polarized light to the right
  • converted into Glycogen for storage into liver and muscle
A

D- Glucose

22
Q
  • a polymer of D-Glucose
  • Used as a plasma expander to increase blood volume in case of hemorrage and shock
A

Dextran

23
Q
  • Constituent of milk sugar, lactose
  • In tissues as a constituent of galactolipid and glycoprotein
  • Less sweet than glucose and less soluble in water
A

D-Galactose

24
Q
  • an epimer of glucose (Carbon 4)
  • it is formed in the body from glucose by epimerization by the enzyme, Epimerase in the liver
A

D-Galactose

25
Q

-On oxidation with hot Nitric Acid, it yields to _____, ______
- which helps in its identification, since the crystals of mucic acid are not difficult to produce and have characteristic shape

A

Dicarboxylic Acid, Mucic Acid

26
Q
  • “fruit sugar” as it occurs free in fruits
  • very sweet sugar, much sweeter than sucrose and more reactive than glucose
  • occurs as constituent of sucrose and polysaccharide inulin
  • exhibits Mutarotations
A

Fructose

27
Q

-does not occur free in nature but is in combination with the polysaccharide.
- in the body it is found as a constituent of glycoprotein

A

D-Mannose

28
Q

4 Other biomedical important derivatives of monosaccharide

A

1) Deoxy Sugars
2) Amino Acids (Hexosamines)
3) Sialic Acid
4) Glycosides

29
Q

Other biomedical important derivatives of monosaccharide

A

1) Deoxy Sugars
2) Amino Acids (Hexosamines)
3) Sialic Acid
4) Glycosides

30
Q

-sugars in which the oxygen of an -OH group has been removed, leaving the hydrogen

A

Deoxy Sugars

31
Q

-containing -NH²
- they give chemical rxns characteristics of sugar
- occur when combined as N-acetyl derivatives

A

Amino Sugars (Hexoseamines)

32
Q

-constituent of MPS (mucopolysaccharide)
-present in hyaluronic acid and heparin and also in blood group substance
- constituent of chitin (chitosamine)

A

N-acetyl derivative of D-glucoseamine

33
Q

-found in sulphated MPS as chondroitin sulphates which are presentin cartilages, bones, tendons and heart valves (also known as “chondrosamine”)

A

N-acetyl Galactosamine

34
Q
  • Erythromycin contains dimethyl amino sugars and carbomycin 3-amino-D-ribose.
  • Amino sugars are related to the antibiotic activity of these drugs.
A

Antibiotics

35
Q
  • an aldol condensation product of pyruvic acid and D-mannosamine; unstable
  • found in nature in the form of acylated derivatives known as ____ ( N-acetyl neuramic acid-NANA)
A

Sialic Acid

36
Q

Condensation product of D-glucoseamine and Lactic Acid

A

Muramic Acid

37
Q

Occur in a number of mucopolysaccharides and in glycolipids like Gangliosides

A

Neuramic Acid and Sialic Acids

38
Q

Nitrogenous oligosaccharides containing neuramic acid are found in ____

A

Milk

39
Q

Certain bacterial walls contain __

A

Muramic Acid

40
Q
  • Are compounds containing a carbohydrate and non carbohydrate (aglycone) residue in the same molecule
  • They are named according to the carbohydrate it contains (e.g glucoside)
  • Found in many drugs species and in the constituents of animal tissues
  • Widely distributed in plant kingdom
A

Glycosides

41
Q

-Used in cardiac insufficiency
-they are derivatives of Digitalis, Strophantus and Squill plants

A

Cardiac Glycosides

42
Q

Inhibits active transport of sodium ions in cardiac muscle in vivo (“sodium pump” inhibitor)

A

Ouabain

43
Q

-from the root and bark of apple tree
-blocks the transport of sugar acroas the mucosal cells of small intestine and also renal tubular epithelium
- it displaces sodium ion from the binding site of “carrier protein”
- prevents the binding of sugatlr molecule and produces glycosuria
-other glycosites include antibiotic like streptomycin

A

Plorhizin

★BIOCHEM LEC (5 decks)

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