PROTEIN Flashcards
FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
Enzymes
Hormones
Antibody
Energy
mostly carry out all numerous chemical reactions which take place within a cell. They also help in regenerating and
creating DNA molecules and carry out complex processes.
Enzymes
Proteins are involved in the creation
of various types of hormones which help in balancing the components of the body. For example, hormones like insulin, which helps in regulating blood sugar and secretin. It is also involved in the digestion process and formation
of digestive juices.
Hormones
It is a type of protein which is majorly used by the immune system to repair and heal the body from foreign bacteria. They often work together with other immune cells to
identify and separate the antigens from
increasing until the white blood cells destroy them completely.
Antibody also known as an
immunoglobulin.
Proteins are the major source of energy
that helps in the movements of our body. It is important to have the right amount of protein in order to convert it into energy. Protein, when consumed in excess amounts, gets used to create fat and becomes part of the fat cells.
Energy
TYPES OF ENZYMES
Amylase
Lipases
Maltase
Trypsin
Lactase
Acetylcholinesterase
Helicase
DNA Polymerase
In the saliva, amylase helps
change starches into sugars.
Amylase
This group of enzymes help
digest fats in the gut.
Lipase
This also occurs in the saliva, and breaks the sugar maltose into glucose.
Maltase
These enzymes break proteins down into amino acids in the small intestine.
Trypsin
breaks lactose, the sugar in milk, into glucose and galactose.
Lactase
These enzymes break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in nerves and muscles.
Acetylcholinesterase
enzymes unravel DNA.
Helicase
These enzymes synthesize DNA from
deoxyribonucleotides.
DNA Polymerase
Function: Selective acceleration of chemical reactions
Example: Digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules.
Enzymatic proteins
Function: Protection against disease
Example: Antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria.
Defensive proteins
Function: Storage of amino acids
Examples: Casein, the protein of milk, is the major source of amino acids for baby mammals. Plants have storage proteins in their seeds. Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source for the developing embryo.
Storage proteins
Function: Transport of substances
Examples: Hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein of vertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes.
Transport proteins
Function: Coordination of an organism’s activities
Example: Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, causes other tissues to take up glucose, thus regulating blood sugar concentration
Hormonal proteins
Function: Response of cell to chemical stimuli
Example: Receptors built into the membrane of a nerve cell detect signaling molecules released by other nerve cells.
Receptor proteins
Function: Movement
Examples: Motor proteins are responsible for the undulations of cilia and flagella. Actin and myosin proteins are responsible for the contraction of muscles.
Contractile and motor proteins
Function: Support
Examples: Keratin is the protein of hair, horns, feathers, and other skin appendages. Insects and spiders use silk fibers to make their cocoons and webs, respectively. Collagen and elastin proteins provide a fibrous framework in animal connective tissues.
Structural proteins
