First Ogranisms Inhabiting The Earth Flashcards
characterized by living in extreme conditions. (ex: Black smokers)
Commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart at mid- ocean rages, and hotspots.
Kingdom Archeobacteria
the oldest known living things on Earth.
Kingdom Eubacteria
Capsule(pinakalabas)
Cell wall(thick wall)
Plasma membrane(inner layer)
Nucleoid(bituka)
Ribosome(small circle)
Plasmid(jelly-substance)
Pilus(like hair)
Flagellum(like tail)
Structure of Eubacteria
The oldest fossils yet found are 3.5 billion year old.
cyanobacteria
Slime mold
Amoeba
Euglena
Dinoflagellate
Paramecium
Diatom
Macroalga
KINGDOM PROTISTA
1. Unicellular or Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs or Autotrophs
(Consumer) (Producer)
single-celled organisms that are found in soil, on decaying leaves, and on tree canopies.
SLIME MOLDS
often called an amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism with the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.
Amoebae do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the protozoa, but also in fungi, algae, and animals.
Amoeba
genus of unicellular, freshwater organisms that are very common in ponds and small bodies of water,
especially if they are rich in nutrients and consequently high in algae.
Euglena
are a monophyletic group of single-
celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered protists.
Dinoflagellates
are single-celled protists that are naturally found in aquatic habitats. They are typically oblong or slipper- shaped and are covered with short hairy structures called cilia. Certain paramecia are also easily cultured in labs and serve as useful model organisms (a non- human species used to understand biological processes).
Paramecium or paramecia
-are single-celled algae.
-are algae that live in houses made of glass. They are the only organism on the planet with cell walls composed of transparent, opaline silica. Diatom cell walls are ornamented by intricate and striking patterns of silica.
Diatom
-turn energy from the sun into sugar.
-have light-absorbing molecules (chlorophylls a and c) that collect energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy through _______ .
Diatoms, photosynthesis
Produce 20-30% of the air we breathe. Through carbon fixation, diatoms remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. The CO2 is converted to organic carbon in the form of sugar, and oxygen (O2) is released. We breathe the oxygen that diatoms release.
Diatoms
Feed the oceans, lakes and rivers.
Produce long-chain fatty acids. Diatoms are an important source of these energy rich molecules that are food for
the entire food web, from zooplankton to aquatic insects to fish to whales.
Diatoms
-tell us about the health of aquatic systems.
-are particular about the quality of water in which they live. For example, species have distinct ranges of pH and salinity where they will grow. Diatoms also have ranges and tolerances for other environmental variables, including nutrient concentration, suspended sediment, flow regime, elevation, and for different types
of human disturbance. As a result, diatoms are vital for assessment and monitoring biotic condition of waters.
Diatoms
is a multicellular photosynthetic organism that thrives in marine environments, characterized by its
classification into green, red, or brown types based on pigments. These organisms are rich in proteins, lipids,
and polysaccharides, and can be cultivated using various systems such as marine aquaculture, land-based tanks, and closed photobioreactors.
Macroalga
Kingdom Fungi
1. Most are Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs (by external digestion)
Nitrogen fixation is a process that implies the transformation of the relatively non-reactive atmospheric N2 into its more reactive compounds
(nitrates, nitrites, or ammonia).
Why is nitrogen fixation important?
It is generally reported that fungi like Pleurotus spp. can fix nitrogen (N2).
Kingdom Plantae
1. Multicellular
2. Autotrophs
Kingdom Animalia
1. Multicellular
2. Heterotrophs
Major Divisions of Zoology
• Botany
• Microbiology
Characteristics of Life
• DNA
• Organized
• Grow and Develop
• Reproduce
• Adapt and Respond to Environment
• Cell
• Energy
based on a universal genetic code. All organisms pass along hereditary traits. Genes carry hereditary information and composed of DNA.
DNA
living organisms are arranged in a hierarchy of a structural level.
Organized
all living things grow and develop during at least part of their life.
Grow and Develop
- reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type.
Reproduce
- all organisms respond to stimuli. Plants grow toward a source of light,
and your pupils dilate when you walk into a darkroom.
Adapt and respond to environment
made up of cells. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. They are basically differentiated by the presence (in eukaryotes) or absence (in prokaryotes) of true nucleus.
Cells
- Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage and reproduce.
Energy
- it is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
SCIENCE (scientia)
• Physical Sciences - it deals with the limited phase of the material universe.
• Biology - it deals with the study of life.
NATURAL SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE - it deals with human relations
Division of Zoology
Distributional Zoology
Structural Zoology
Functional Zoology
Developmental Zoology
Systemic Zoology
Economic Zoology
- examines the anatomy, morphology, and development of animals.
Structural Zoology
scientific study of the shape, structure and organization of organisms.
Morphology
study the microscopic structure and
organization of tissues and cells in plants and animals.
Histology
- scientific study of structure and organization of living organism.
Anatomy
- scientific study of cell structure, function, and behavior.
Cytology
Under of STRUCTURAL ZOOLOGY
Morphology
Histology
Anatomy
Cytology
explores the developmental processes and mechanisms governing animal growth, from embryogenesis to adulthood.
Developmental Zoology
study of genes and variation.
Genetics
explores the development and growth of organisms from conception to maturity.
Ontogeny
scientific study of embryo development, from fertilization to birth.
Embryology
Under of DEVELOPMENTAL ZOOLOGY
Genetics
Ontogeny
Embryology
examines the physiological, biochemical processes underlying animal structure and aspects.
Functional Zoology
the study of the living processes or
functions within animals.
Animal Physiology
the study of the systematic classification of animals.
Systematic Zoology or Taxonomy
- scientific study of mammals,
encompassing their biology, behavior, evolution, classification and ecology.
Mammalogy
- scientific study of insects.
Entomology
study of single-celled eukaryotic
organisms.
Protozoology
study of reptiles and amphibians.
Herpetology
- study of mollusks and its shells variation.
Conchology
- study of birds
Ornithology
- study of fishes
Ichthyology
Under of Systemic Zoology
Mammalogy
Entomology
Herpetology
Conchology
Ornithology
Ichthyology
Protozoology
study the geographic distribution of animals.
Distributional Zoology
- the study of the distribution of animals in space.
Zoogeography
- the study of the relations of animals to
their environment.
Ecology
Under of Distributional Zoology
Zoogeography
Ecology
- the study of the industrial values of
animals.
Economic Zoology
Medical Zoology
• Parasitology - the study of parasite or organisms that live and subsist on or in other animals.
L
- the study of nature, symptoms and causes of diseases.
Pathology
- it is a branch of biology which deals with collection of organisms, their identification, nomenclature and systematic grouping or classification
into various categories.
Taxonomy
TAXONOMY OF LIVING THINGS
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
- the system of giving a scientific
name to each properly identified plant or animal is called nomenclature. A system of nomenclature of plants and
animals in which each scientific name consists of two parts or sub-names is called the system of ?
Binomial Nomenclature
This system of binomial nomenclature was introduced by ? in 1753 in his book ?.
Carolus Van Linnaeus, Species Plantarum
Rules in scientific names
The system follows certain rules, such as:
1. The scientific name must be in Greek or Latin language.
2. Genetic name should come first and must begin with a capital letter.
3. The same name should not be used for two or more species under the same genus.
4. The scientific name must be either underlined or written in italics.
5. The name of the author who first described the species should be written after the specific name
(e.g. Homo sapiens Linnaeus).
popularly known as the father of taxonomy, because of his remarkably outstanding contributions to the field of
systematics.
Carolus Van Linnaeus (1707-1778)
